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COPENHAGEN WASTE MANAGEMENT

COPENHAGEN WASTE MANAGEMENT. The Danish Model of Waste Management (1). Ministry of Environment and Energy National Environmental Protection Agency. Environmental Protection Act Statutory Order on Waste General objectives and Guidelines. Regions (5). Municipalities (99).

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COPENHAGEN WASTE MANAGEMENT

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  1. COPENHAGENWASTE MANAGEMENT

  2. The Danish Model of Waste Management (1) Ministry of Environment and Energy National Environmental Protection Agency • Environmental Protection Act • Statutory Order on Waste • General objectives and Guidelines Regions (5) Municipalities (99) • Approval of Treatment Facilities • Physical Planning • Waste Planning • Waste Regulations • Enforcement COPENHAGEN WASTE MANAGEMENT

  3. The Danish Model of Waste Management (2) • Environmental Protection Act • Use of cleaner technologies • Municipalities are in charge of all waste • duty to set up regulations • duty to prepare a waste management plan • The Minister for the Environment can decide to set up municipal partnerships and oblige municipalities to join these • New landfills can only be owned by public authorities COPENHAGEN WASTE MANAGEMENT

  4. The Danish Model of Waste Management (3) • Municipal obligations, Statutory Order on Waste • Waste Planning • mapping of quantities (1 year) • detailed action plan (4 years) • long term prognosis (12 years) • Waste Regulation • set up regulations for waste sorting, handling etc. • inspection • Assignment of a form of handling for all waste produced locally • waste producers must use the assigned form of handling COPENHAGEN WASTE MANAGEMENT

  5. NATIONAL REGULATION • Waste tax • Recycling 0 DKK/ton • Incineration 330 DKK/ton (44 EURO) • Landfill 375 DKK/ton (50 EURO) • On top of this tax comes the treatment fee • Ban on landfill of combustible waste • Phase out private landfill owners COPENHAGEN WASTE MANAGEMENT

  6. City of Copenhagen, Key Figures 2004 • Area: 89.8 km2 • Inhabitants: 501.664 • average household 1,8 person • Households: 272.618 • of which approximately 21,000 are single family houses • Enterprises: 23.900 • Workplaces: 360.000 COPENHAGEN WASTE MANAGEMENT

  7. FROM LANDFILL TO RECYCLING COPENHAGEN WASTE MANAGEMENT

  8. IN MY BACK YARD… • Distance from • City Hall (pink) • 4 km E: Incineration plant • 5 km S: • Composting plant • C & D waste recycling • Contamin. soil landfill • 10 km SW: Controlled landfill • 10 km W: Incineration plant COPENHAGEN WASTE MANAGEMENT

  9. FACTORS • Municipal waste planning and regulation • Waste treatment facilities – inter-municipal partnerships • Open and transparent decision making process • High environmental standard • National waste tax COPENHAGEN WASTE MANAGEMENT

  10. MUNICIPAL REGULATION • Municipal responsibility for all waste • Household – commercial – industrial – hazardous - demolition • Waste separation at source • A precondition for quality recycling • Household waste collected by the non-profit, concessionary company • R98 COPENHAGEN WASTE MANAGEMENT

  11. COMMERCIAL WASTE RULES • Criteria for transport and treatment • 360 waste carriers and 75 waste receivers • The polluter pays • Market based competition on price and quality COPENHAGEN WASTE MANAGEMENT

  12. BASIC TREATMENT Combustible waste Non-combustible waste Contaminated soil Hazardous waste Infectious waste Perishable waste Asbestos RECYCLING Cardboard & paper Construction & demolition waste Food waste Garden & park waste Glass & bottles Iron & metal PE plastics Recyclable PVC plastics Recyclable hazardous waste Sandblasting agents Waste of electronic equipment Refrigerators SEPARATION AT SOURCE COPENHAGEN WASTE MANAGEMENT

  13. Limits for Separation at Source • Types of waste, which should be separated at source, if the amounts exceed the following limits: • Garden and park 2 m3 per month • Bottles and glass 50 kg or 150 bottles per month • Cardboard No lower limit • Paper No lower limit • Sheet glass No lower limit • PE-plastics 25 kg or 1m3 per month • PVC-plastics 10 kg per building project • Preserved wood 10 kg per building project • Debris of concrete, tiles • and asphalt 1 tonne per building project • Food 100 kg per week separated • Amounts under the limits should be separated in waste suitable for incineration and waste not suitable for incineration. COPENHAGEN WASTE MANAGEMENT

  14. Duties of Commercial Waste Management • Waste Producers must • separate at source • use designated schemes • keep records of waste types, amounts and handling • report C & D activities to municipality • report hazardous waste to municipality • Waste carriers must • control separation and labelling • deliver to assigned treatment plants • report type, amount, producer and receiver of waste • Waste receiving enterprises must • control separation and labelling • treat waste as agreed • report type, amount and carrier of waste COPENHAGEN WASTE MANAGEMENT

  15. Treatment Plants, Municipal Partnerships • Incineration: Amagerforbrænding (1970) • - Capacity: 400,000 t/year • - Energy Production: 2,844,000 GJ/year (heat 75%, elec. 25%) • - Partners: Copenhagen and 4 other municipalities • Incineration: Vestforbrænding (1970) • - Capacity: 500,000 t/year • - Energy Production: 4,200,000 GJ/year (heat 90%, elec. 10%) • - Partners: Copenhagen and 20 other municipalities • Landfill: AV miljø (1989) • - Capacity: 2 mill. m³ • - Partners: Amagerforbrænding and Vestforbrænding COPENHAGEN WASTE MANAGEMENT

  16. Treatment Plants, Municipal Partnerships • Hazardous Waste: Greater Copenhagen Receiving Station (1972) - Capacity: 10,000 t/year • - Partners: Copenhagen and Fr.berg Municipalities (potentially 18 more municipalities) • Hazardous Waste: Kommunekemi Ldt. (1972) • - Capacity: 110,000 t/year • - Partners: Copenhagen and 274 municipalities • Recycling: Copenhagen Recycling Centre, KMC (1996) • - Recycling of construction + demolition waste • - Compost of garden + park waste • - Biological treatment of contaminated soil • - Landfilling of contaminated soil • - Future landfill, 2,5 mill. m³ COPENHAGEN WASTE MANAGEMENT

  17. Copenhagen EPA: Waste Management Plan Local legislation Inspection Handling complaints Developing WM system Waste collection company: Collecting and transporting waste Supplying containers, bins etc. Handling complaints Developing WM system Incineration plants: Incinerating received waste Producing heat and electricity Operating recycling stations Developing WM system Landfill: Landfilling received waste Developing WM system Tasks COPENHAGEN WASTE MANAGEMENT

  18. FINANCING 2006 • Municipal waste collection fee: 413 mill. DKK (54 mill. EURO) • Contribution to inter-municipal partnerships: 52 mill. DKK (68 mill. EURO) • Waste fee: 21 mill. DKK (2,8 mill. EURO) COPENHAGEN WASTE MANAGEMENT

  19. OPEN PLANNING PROCESS • Planning process of Copenhagen Recycling Center • Regional planning procedure • Local planning procedure • Nature conservation procedure • Environmental permit procedure for each treatment plant • Public hearing processes • Adopted view-points of interested parties • Restoration funded by recycling activities COPENHAGEN WASTE MANAGEMENT

  20. RECYCLING CENTER • Future landfill turned into Recycling Center: • Recycling of construction & demolition waste • Compost of garden & park waste • Biological treatment of contaminated soil • Landfill of contaminated soil • Future landfill COPENHAGEN WASTE MANAGEMENT

  21. WASTE TO ENERGY • DISTRICT HEATING SYSTEM • Copenhagen metropolitan region • More than 100 km double pipes • COMBINED HEAT & POWER • Amagerforbrænding (2002) • Electricity 168 000 MWh • Heat 799 000 MWh • Total energy prod. 2.28 MWh/t • Vestforbrænding (2002) • Electricity 108 000 MWh • Heat 1 118 000 MWh • Total energy prod. 2.52 MWh/t COPENHAGEN WASTE MANAGEMENT

  22. ENVIRONMENTAL STANDARDS COPENHAGEN WASTE MANAGEMENT

  23. Waste Plan 2008 Objectives • Reduce waste and reduce contents of hazardous components in the waste • Make better use of the resources in the waste and reduce waste to incineration and landfill • Environmental value for money • A waste management system that matches the town • A waste management system that makes sense and is familiar COPENHAGEN WASTE MANAGEMENT

  24. Waste Treatment by Source 2002 % COPENHAGEN WASTE MANAGEMENT

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