Waste Management

1. Waste Management

2. Environment

3. Water Organic Matter Plant Nutrients Salt Water Food Air Energy Environment

4. Manure components may be positives or pollutants

5. Manure components may be positives or pollutants …. It all depends on how and when they reenter the environment.

6. Bacteria Plant Nutrients Organic Matter How Do Grazing Animals Pollute Water?

7. Supplement Manure Plant Nutrients Pasture Grass

8. Feces + Urine Manure

9. Feces Graphic: Lindsay Anderson/Iowa State Daily Intestinal Bacteria Undigested Food

10. Urine Graphic: Lindsay Anderson/Iowa State Daily Waste cleaned from the bloodstream by kidneys

11. The less mobile nutrients leave with Feces P 66% in feces 0% in urine 26% in milk 8% retained Ca 77% in feces 3% in urine 11% in milk 9% retained

12. The more mobile nutrients leave in Urine N 26% in feces 53% in urine 17% in milk 4% retained K 11% in feces 81% in urine 5% in milk 3% retained

13. Nitrogen Balance Non Lactating Cow 100 lbs N

14. Nitrogen Balance Non Lactating Cow 29 lbs N In Feces 100 lbs N

15. Nitrogen Balance Non Lactating Cow 19 lbs N Bacterial Protein 10 lbs N Undigested Feed 100 lbs N

16. Nitrogen Balance Non Lactating Cow 19 lbs N Bacterial Protein 10 lbs N Undigested Feed 100 lbs N 31 lbs N In Urine

17. 29 lbs Slow Release N 19 lbs N Bacterial Protein 10 lbs N Undigested Feed 100 lbs N 31 lbs N Urea

18. Immediately after deposit 31 lbs Urea N 29 lbs Complex N

19. Immediately after deposit 31 lbs NH4+ N 29 lbs Complex N

20. Over the first year 16 lbs NH3 N 14 lbs Complex N 15 lbs NH4+N + NO3-N 15 lbs NH4+ N

21. Estimated Plant Availability of Excreted Manure Nutrients Nitrogen 50% in first year

22. One year after deposit 14 lbs Complex N

23. Over the second year 7 lbs Complex N 7 lbs NH4+N + NO3-N

24. Two years after deposit 7 lbs Complex N

25. Over the third year 4 lbs Complex N 3 lbs NH4+N + NO3-N

26. Estimated Plant Availability of Excreted Manure Nutrients Nitrogen 50% in first year Nitrogen 70% long-term

27. Estimated PlantAvailability of Excreted Manure Nutrients Nitrogen 50% in first year Nitrogen 70% long-term PAN = Plant Available Nitrogen

28. Phosphorus Balance Lactating Cow 100 lbs P 66 lbs P 26 lbs P

29. Phosphorus Balance Lactating Cow 100 lbs P 66 lbs P 26 lbs P 15 lbs P

30. Phosphorus Balance Lactating Cow 100 lbs P 81 lbs P

31. Phosphorus Balance Lactating Cow 100 lbs P 81 lbs P Bacterial Protein Organic P in undigested Feed Inorganic P in undigested Feed

32. Estimated Long Term Availability of Excreted Manure Nutrients N 70% P 90 to 100%

33. Estimated Long Term Availability of Excreted Manure Nutrients N 70% P 90 to 100% K 90 to 100% Ca 90 to 100%

34. That’s how much of the excreted nutrients are available.

35. That’s how much of the excreted nutrients are available. but, what percentage of the forage nutrients are returned to the pasture?

36. 40% of Forage N returned as PAN Supplement 60 lb N 100 lbs N Pasture 30 + 7 + 3 = 40 lb PAN

37. 80% of Forage P returned as PAP Supplement 80 lb P 60 lb N 100 lbs P 100 lbs N Pasture 80 lb P 40 lb N

38. Continuous Grazing “ Let the chips fall where they may.”

40. Intensive Grazing

41. All in … … All out

42. Redistribute after deposition

43. Using grazing within “CAFO” type systems

44. What is a CAFO?

45. “In theory, all farming operations are regulated through Water Quality Standards”

46. “In theory, all farming operations are regulated through Water Quality Standards, but only CAFO’s are required to be covered by a NPDES permit.”

47. CAFO Confined Animal Feeding Operation

48. NPDES National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System

49. What makes an AFO a CAFO?

50. Definition of AFO“And” • Animals are confined for at least 45 days in 12 month period. • Grass or other vegetation is not growing in the confinement area during the normal growing period.