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The Growth of the American Labor Movement

The Growth of the American Labor Movement. Labor Force Distribution 1870-1900. The Changing American Labor Force. Child Labor. Labor Unrest: 1870-1900. Management vs. Labor. “Tools” of Management. “Tools” of Labor. “scabs” P. R. campaign Pinkertons lockout blacklisting

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The Growth of the American Labor Movement

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  1. The Growth of the American Labor Movement

  2. Labor Force Distribution1870-1900

  3. The Changing American Labor Force

  4. Child Labor

  5. Labor Unrest: 1870-1900

  6. Management vs. Labor “Tools” of Management “Tools” of Labor • “scabs” • P. R. campaign • Pinkertons • lockout • blacklisting • yellow-dog contracts • court injunctions • open shop • boycotts • sympathy demonstrations • informational picketing • closed shops • organized strikes • “wildcat” strikes

  7. A Striker Confronts a SCAB!

  8. Knights of Labor Terence V. Powderly An injury to one is the concern of all!

  9. The Knights of Labor • Preached tolerance and the solidarity of all working men and women. • Allowed women, blacks, skilled and unskilled, and ethnic minorities to join. • Chinese were barred from joining • Encouraged to save $ to purchase mines, railroads, factories, and stores.

  10. Knights of Labor Knights of Labor trade card

  11. Goals of the Knights of Labor • Eight-hour workday. • Workers’ cooperatives. • Worker-owned factories. • Abolition of child and prison labor. • Increased circulation of greenbacks. • Equal pay for men and women. • Safety codes in the workplace. • Prohibition of contract foreign labor. • Abolition of the National Bank.

  12. The Great Railroad Strike of 1877

  13. The Great Railroad Strike of 1877

  14. Haymarket Riot (1886) McCormick Harvesting Machine Co.

  15. The Downfall of the Knights of Labor • Haymarket Square Riot • May 4, 1886—Chicago police advanced on a meeting called to protest brutalities by authorities • A bomb was thrown and several dozen ppl were killed. • Led to the downfall of the Knights of Labor who were wrongly associated with the riot.

  16. Haymarket Martyrs

  17. The American Federation of Labor: 1886 Samuel Gompers

  18. How the AF of L Would Help the Workers • Catered to the skilled worker. • Represented workers in matters of national legislation. • Maintained a national strike fund. • Evangelized the cause of unionism. • Prevented disputes among the many craft unions. • Mediated disputes between management and labor. • Pushed for closed shops.

  19. Homestead Steel Strike (1892) Homestead Steel Works The Amalgamated Association of Iron & Steel Workers

  20. Big Corporate Profits!

  21. A “CompanyTown”: Pullman, IL

  22. Pullman Cars A Pullman porter

  23. The Pullman Strike of 1894

  24. President Grover Cleveland If it takes the entire army and navy to deliver a postal card in Chicago, that card will be delivered!

  25. The Pullman Strike of 1894 Government by injunction!

  26. The Socialists Eugene V. Debs

  27. International Workers of the World (“Wobblies”)

  28. “Big Bill” Haywood of theIWW • Violence was justified to overthrow capitalism.

  29. Mother Jones: “The Miner’s Angel” • Mary Harris. • Organizer for theUnited MineWorkers. • Founded the SocialDemocratic Party in 1898. • One of the founding members of the I. W. W. in 1905.

  30. The “Bread & Roses” Strike DEMANDS: • 15¢/hr. wage increase. • Double pay for overtime. • No discrimination against strikers. • An end to “speed-up” on the assembly line. • An end to discrimination againstforeign immigrant workers.

  31. The “Formula” unions + violence + strikes + socialists + immigrants = anarchists

  32. Labor Union Membership

  33. Workers Benefits Today

  34. The Rise & Decline of Organized Labor

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