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The Growth of the American Labor Movement

The Growth of the American Labor Movement. Labor Force Distribution 1870-1900. The Changing American Labor Force. Child Labor. Child Labor. The Molly Maguires (1875). The Corporate “Bully-Boys”: Pinkerton Agents. Management vs. Labor. “Tools” of Management. “Tools” of Labor.

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The Growth of the American Labor Movement

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  1. The Growth of the American Labor Movement

  2. Labor Force Distribution1870-1900

  3. The Changing American Labor Force

  4. Child Labor

  5. Child Labor

  6. The Molly Maguires(1875)

  7. The Corporate “Bully-Boys”: PinkertonAgents

  8. Management vs. Labor “Tools” of Management “Tools” of Labor • “scabs” • P. R. campaign • Pinkertons • lockout • blacklisting • yellow-dog contracts • court injunctions • open shop • boycotts • sympathy demonstrations • informational picketing • closed shops • organized strikes • “wildcat” strikes

  9. A Striker Confronts a SCAB!

  10. National Labor Union (NLU) Knights of Labor American Federation of Labor (AF of L) The MajorUnions

  11. Equal rights for African Americans and women Workers’ cooperatives (workers owned and controlled the businesses) Increased circulation of greenbacks to help relieve debts Eight hour work day Higher wages Goals of the National Labor Union

  12. Knights of Labor Terence V. Powderly An injury to one is the concern of all!

  13. Knights of Labor Knights of Labor trade card

  14. Goals of the Knights of Labor • Eight-hour workday. • Workers’ cooperatives. • Worker-owned factories. • Abolition of child and prison labor. • Increased circulation of greenbacks. • Equal pay for men and women. • Safety codes in the workplace. • Prohibition of contract foreign labor. • Abolition of the National Bank.

  15. The American Federation of Labor: 1886 Samuel Gompers

  16. How the AF of L Would Help the Workers • Catered to the skilled worker. • Represented workers in matters of national legislation. • Maintained a national strike fund. • Evangelized the cause of unionism. • Prevented disputes among the many craft unions. • Mediated disputes between management and labor. • Pushed for closed shops.

  17. Labor Unrest: 1870-1900

  18. The Great Railroad Strike of 1877

  19. The Great Railroad Strike of 1877

  20. The Tournament of Today: A Set-to Between Labor and Monopoly

  21. Anarchists Meet on the Lake Front in 1886

  22. Haymarket Riot (1886) McCormick Harvesting Machine Co.

  23. Haymarket Martyrs

  24. Homestead Steel Strike (1892) Homestead Steel Works The Amalgamated Association of Iron & Steel Workers

  25. Big Corporate Profits!

  26. Attempted Assassination! Henry Clay Frick Alexander Berkman

  27. A “CompanyTown”: Pullman, IL

  28. Pullman Cars A Pullman porter

  29. The Pullman Strike of 1894

  30. President Grover Cleveland If it takes the entire army and navy to deliver a postal card in Chicago, that card will be delivered!

  31. The Pullman Strike of 1894 Government by injunction!

  32. The Socialists Eugene V. Debs

  33. International Workers of the World (“Wobblies”)

  34. “Big Bill” Haywood of theIWW • Violence was justified to overthrow capitalism.

  35. I W W & the Internationale

  36. The Hand That Will Rule the World One Big Union

  37. Mother Jones: “The Miner’s Angel” • Mary Harris. • Organizer for theUnited MineWorkers. • Founded the SocialDemocratic Party in 1898. • One of the founding members of the I. W. W. in 1905.

  38. Lawrence, MA Strike: 1912

  39. The “Bread & Roses” Strike DEMANDS: • 15¢/hr. wage increase. • Double pay for overtime. • No discrimination against strikers. • An end to “speed-up” on the assembly line. • An end to discrimination againstforeign immigrant workers.

  40. Lawrence, MA Strike: 1912

  41. The “Formula” unions + violence + strikes + socialists + immigrants = anarchists

  42. Labor Union Membership

  43. “Solidarity Forever!”by Ralph Chapin (1915) When the union's inspiration through the workers‘ blood shall run,There can be no power greater anywhere beneath the sun;Yet what force on earth is weaker than the feeble strength of one,But the union makes us strong! CHORUS:Solidarity forever,Solidarity forever,Solidarity forever,For the union makes us strong!

  44. Come On and Sing Along!!

  45. “Solidarity Forever!” Is there aught we hold in common with the greedy parasite,Who would lash us into serfdom and would crush us with his might?Is there anything left to us but to organize and fight?For the union makes us strong! CHORUS:Solidarity forever,Solidarity forever,Solidarity forever,For the union makes us strong!

  46. “Solidarity Forever!” * * * *Through our sisters and our brothers we can make our union strong,For respect and equal value, we have done without too long.We no longer have to tolerate injustices and wrongs,Yes, the union makes us strong! CHORUS:Solidarity forever,Solidarity forever,Solidarity forever,For the union makes us strong!

  47. Workers Benefits Today

  48. The Rise & Decline of Organized Labor

  49. Right-to-Work States Today

  50. Unionism & Globalization?

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