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The Growth of the American Labor Movement

The Growth of the American Labor Movement. Labor Force Distribution 1870-1900. The Changing American Labor Force. Child Labor. Child Labor. “Galley Labor”. Labor Unrest: 1870-1900. The Molly Maguires (1875). James McParland Pickerton Agent who uncover the Mollies.

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The Growth of the American Labor Movement

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  1. The Growth of the American Labor Movement

  2. Labor Force Distribution1870-1900

  3. The Changing American Labor Force

  4. Child Labor

  5. Child Labor

  6. “Galley Labor”

  7. Labor Unrest: 1870-1900

  8. The Molly Maguires(1875) James McParland Pickerton Agent who uncover the Mollies Irish coal miners who crimes against coal mine employers after a 20% wage deduction

  9. The Corporate “Bully-Boys”: PinkertonAgents

  10. Management vs. Labor “Tools” of Management “Tools” of Labor • “scabs” • P. R. campaign • Pinkertons • lockout • blacklisting • yellow-dog contracts • court injunctions • open shop • boycotts • sympathy demonstrations • informational picketing • closed shops • organized strikes • “wildcat” strikes

  11. A Striker Confronts a SCAB!

  12. Knights of Labor Terence V. Powderly Knights leader An injury to one is the concern of all!

  13. Knights of Labor Knights of Labor trade card

  14. Goals of the Knights of Labor • Eight-hour workday. • Workers’ cooperatives. • Worker-owned factories. • Abolition of child and prison labor. • Increased circulation of greenbacks. • Equal pay for men and women. • Safety codes in the workplace. • Prohibition of contract foreign labor. • Abolition of the National Bank.

  15. The Great Railroad Strike of 1877

  16. The Great Railroad Strike of 1877 Railroad workers response to wages cuts. States sent in militia and became violent. Strkers burned down the Pennsylvania RR Depot. Pres. Hayes eventually sent in US milita.

  17. The Tournament of Today: A Set-to Between Labor and Monopoly

  18. Anarchists Meet on the Lake Front in 1886

  19. Haymarket Riot (1886) At the McCormick Harvesting Machine Co. striking workers met in response to wage cuts. The police intervened and a striker threw a bomb, killing 8 policemen and many innocent civilians (friendly fire). 3 men were convicted of murder and sentenced to life in prison. One other killed himself in jail.

  20. Haymarket Martyrs

  21. Governor John Peter Altgeld Illinois governor during Haymarket Riot. He pardoned three men in the Riot. Later passed workplace safety and child labor laws in Illinois.

  22. The American Federation of Labor: 1886 Samuel Gompers

  23. How the AF of L Would Help the Workers • Catered to the skilled worker. • Represented workers in matters of national legislation. • Maintained a national strike fund. • Evangelized the cause of unionism. • Prevented disputes among the many craft unions. • Mediated disputes between management and labor. • Pushed for closed shops.

  24. Homestead Steel Strike (1892) Homestead Steel Works The Amalgamated Association of Iron & Steel Workers

  25. Big Corporate Profits!

  26. Attempted Assassination! Henry Clay Frick Owner of the Homestead Steel mine Friend with Andrew Carnegie Labeled in the 1900 as “The countries most hated man.” Opposed unions Alexander Berkman Anarchist writer 14 years in prison

  27. A “CompanyTown”: Pullman, IL

  28. Pullman Cars A Pullman porter

  29. The Pullman Strike of 1894

  30. President Grover Cleveland If it takes the entire army and navy to deliver a postal card in Chicago, that card will be delivered!

  31. The Pullman Strike of 1894 Government by injunction!

  32. The Socialists Eugene V. Debs

  33. International Workers of the World (“Wobblies”)

  34. “Big Bill” Haywood of theIWW • Violence was justified to overthrow capitalism.

  35. I W W & the Internationale

  36. The Hand That Will Rule the World One Big Union

  37. Mother Jones: “The Miner’s Angel” • Mary Harris. • Organizer for theUnited MineWorkers. • Founded the SocialDemocratic Party in 1898. • One of the founding members of the I. W. W. in 1905.

  38. Lawrence, MA Strike: 1912

  39. The “Bread & Roses” Strike DEMANDS: • 15¢/hr. wage increase. • Double pay for overtime. • No discrimination against strikers. • An end to “speed-up” on the assembly line. • An end to discrimination againstforeign immigrant workers.

  40. Lawrence, MA Strike: 1912

  41. The “Formula” unions + violence + strikes + socialists + immigrants = anarchists

  42. Labor Union Membership

  43. “Solidarity Forever!”by Ralph Chapin (1915) When the union's inspiration through the workers‘ blood shall run,There can be no power greater anywhere beneath the sun;Yet what force on earth is weaker than the feeble strength of one,But the union makes us strong! CHORUS:Solidarity forever,Solidarity forever,Solidarity forever,For the union makes us strong!

  44. Come On and Sing Along!!

  45. “Solidarity Forever!” Is there aught we hold in common with the greedy parasite,Who would lash us into serfdom and would crush us with his might?Is there anything left to us but to organize and fight?For the union makes us strong! CHORUS:Solidarity forever,Solidarity forever,Solidarity forever,For the union makes us strong!

  46. “Solidarity Forever!” * * * *Through our sisters and our brothers we can make our union strong,For respect and equal value, we have done without too long.We no longer have to tolerate injustices and wrongs,Yes, the union makes us strong! CHORUS:Solidarity forever,Solidarity forever,Solidarity forever,For the union makes us strong!

  47. Workers Benefits Today

  48. The Rise & Decline of Organized Labor

  49. Right-to-Work States Today

  50. Unionism & Globalization?

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