Shannon Judd Environmental Education Outreach Coordinator

1. Incorporating Performance-Based Solid Waste Management and Triple Bottom Line Analysis to Improve Your Solid Waste Program Shannon Judd Environmental Education Outreach Coordinator Fond du Lac Band of Lake Superior Chippewa

2. Training Agenda Introductions Digestion Exercise Introduction to Performance Based Solid Waste Management Fond du Lac Case Study Introduction to Triple Bottom Line Analysis Group Exercise Individual Project Exercise

3. Digestion Exercise

4. Ways We Are Un-Sustainable 1 2 3 4 A quick way to remember: 1 - Dig 2 - Create 3 - Damage 4 –Impede we dig stuff(ie: heavy metals, fossil fuels, etc.)out of the Earth and allow it to build up faster than nature can cope with it we create man-made compounds and chemicals(ie: pesticides & fire retardants incarpets, etc.)and allow them to build up faster than nature can cope with them we continuously damage natural systems and the free services they provide(including climate regulation and water filtration)by physical means(ie: overharvesting & paving wetlands) and . . .we live in and create societies in which many people cannot meet their basic needs(ie: to find affordable housing) w w w . s u s t a i n a b l e t w i n p o r t s . o r g

5. How We Influence Natural Cycles Human impact can be grouped into 3 scientific categories and 1 societal category Physically inhibit nature’s ability to run cycles Barriers to people meeting their basic needs worldwide Introduce persistent compounds foreign to nature Relatively large flows of materials from the Earth’s crust w w w . s u s t a i n a b l e t w i n p o r t s . o r g

6. Think about solid waste programs…what are positive and negative impacts relating to these principles? • we dig stuff(ie: heavy metals, fossil fuels, etc.)out of the Earth and allow it to build up faster than nature can cope with it • we create man-made compounds and chemicals(ie: pesticides & fire retardants in carpets, etc.)and allow them to build up faster than nature can cope with them • we continuously damage natural systems and the free services they provide(including climate regulation and water filtration)by physical means(ie: overharvesting & paving wetlands) • and . . .we live in and create societies in which many people cannot meet their basic needs(ie: to find affordable housing)

7. What is Performance-Based Solid Waste Management?? • Designing your solid waste contracts to facilitate waste reduction, increased recycling, and resource conservation • Also referred to as Performance-Based Resource Management

8. Aspects of a Performance Based Solid Waste Management Program Compensation Cap on Solid Waste Services: • Establish the maximum amount organization will pay per month or year for ‘garbage’ services. • Decrease the cap over time. Revenue-Sharing on Recycling Profits • A percentage of any profits on recycling revenue are given to the hauler. • Percentage increases as recycling rate increases.

9. Recycling Revenue Sharing Example % of Waste Gross Revenue from Recycling Recycled/Composted Government Contractor 1% -19% 90% 10% 20% - 39% 70% 30% 40% - 49% 50% 50% 50% & above 0% 100% Example #1 – 100 tons of solid waste collected of which 90 tons goes to landfill 10 tons recycled and contractor is paid $55/ton or $550.00 from recycling facility The Government would receive 90% of the $550.00 which equals $495.00 and the Contractor would receive 10% which equals $55.00. The Government share, $495.00, would be provided as a check made payable to xxx, with the monthly invoice and mailed to [address]. The Governments share of the recycling proceeds will go into [Proceeds Recipient]. Source: http://www.doi.gov/greening/waste/information/upload/Example_Perf_Based_SW_Mgt_Contract.pdf

10. Aspects of a Performance Based Solid Waste Management Program Continued Source: http://www.epa.gov/osw/conserve/smm/wastewise/wrr/rm.htm

11. Fond du Lac Solid Waste Management Consolidation Using Aspects of a Performance-Based System

12. Fond du Lac Reservation Just over 100,000 acres – approximately 33,000 are Reservation owned (Trust, Fee, MCT) Nearly evenly split between two counties: St. Louis and Carlton 1125 band members 1492 other tribal members

13. Fond du Lac Reservation • Approximately 25 program and enterprise facilities; 200 rental homes and 200 non-rentals

14. Solid Waste Management Consolidation What is “Solid Waste Management Consolidation? • What are the benefits of consolidating your solid waste management program? • Steps to consolidating your program • Considerations • Decision-making and Triple Bottom Line Analysis

15. What are the Benefits of Consolidating your Solid Waste Management Services? • Purchasing power allows you to procure lower prices AND improved services • Solid waste and recycling data can be more easily tracked and measured; beneficial for future planning and decision-making • Consistent services throughout all facilities and households

16. Steps to Consolidating your Solid Waste Management Program • Compile data and information on all locations • Optional: Get estimates from haulers • Initiate the formal Request for Proposals process • Analyze proposals and provide recommendation to the Tribal Council • Notify bidders and begin contract process with legal and winning bidder • Communicate, Communicate, Communicate!

17. Step 1: Compile Data and Information on all Locations • Addresses • Contact information • Current volume, if known • Size of containers • Frequency of service • Existing contracts

18. Step 2: Get Estimates from Haulers • If consolidating services for the first time, consider obtaining quotes to ensure consolidating is cost-effective while meeting your program goals.

19. Step 3: Initiate Request for Proposals Process • Work with your legal and procurement offices to ensure proper procedure is followed • Review any previous RFPs your tribe has issued in the past for solid waste and recycling services • Write proposal so that either: • You present your goals and they propose a program to help you achieve those goals. • You specify exactly what you want and they provide the price bid.

20. Request for Proposals • Performance-Based Services for Solid Waste and Recycling • http://www.mass.gov/dep/recycle/reduce/rmrfp.pdf • Shannon Judd: shannonjudd@fdlrez.com • Great resource for RFP and Contracting for Solid Waste and Recycling Services: http://www.epa.gov/smm/web-academy/2012/pdfs/smm512_ennis.pdf

21. Aspects of a Performance Based Solid Waste Management Program Source: http://www.epa.gov/osw/conserve/smm/wastewise/wrr/rm.htm

22. Request for Proposals • Services we required include: • Semi-annual consolidated reports containing information on solid waste and recycling tonnage, number of hauls, and cost for each facility and curbside pickup • After six months, hauler must analyze current service levels and provide recommendations to improve efficiency • Hauler will work directly with site managers to reduce waste and increase recycling

23. Request for Proposals • Provide detailed units on the service rate frequency you require for bid proposals to allow for easy cost comparison. • Choose pricing units that provide an incentive for waste reduction and allow for better tracking of waste. Reserve the right to refuse all bids!

24. Request for Proposals • Provide a table listing all facilities to be included in the contract, addresses, current service levels and tonnage (if known). Have bidder fill out table with estimated monthly costs based on their bidded cost and any additional fees. • Be sure to specify that ALL fees need to be stated separately and not included in hauling/tonnage costs. • Weigh each bidder based on how they meet requirements and other considerations

25. Request for Proposals • Specify timeline: bid submittal deadline, notification deadline, estimated start date of service • All questions regarding the RFP should be submitted in writing either via email or regular mail • Notify current haulers that you are requesting bids for solid waste and recycling services • Decide internally if any price negotiating is allowable once bids are received

26. Considerations • Best price is not everything-how much more are you willing to pay to have your goals met ? • What type of recycling program best meets your needs: comingled/single stream, sorted, etc. Will they pay you for your recycling? • What are the facility managers’ satisfaction levels with their current hauler? • What type of reporting would you like from your hauler and do they have the capacity to meet your needs? • What kind of services do the haulers offer? Additional recycling options? Organics recycling?

27. Our decision process • The cost difference was significant • Many facilities weren’t happy with the local hauler and had already started looking for alternative haulers when we started this process • The winning bidder has single stream recycling; we felt that would help increase recycling rates – they also accept plastics 1-7; current hauler only 1&2 • Additional recycling streams can be added to our program

28. Contract Development • Work closely with your legal department on this process • Allow 2-3 months for contract development • Be specific on the services you are requesting and any acceptable/unacceptable cost increases, hours of service, safety requirements

29. Results So far… • Significant increase in recycling at homes with curbside pickup • One facility not previously recycling has now started • Increased awareness overall of garbage generated and recycling

30. Resources for Performance Based Solid Waste and Recycling • EPA Wastes/WasteWise Program Website: http://www.epa.gov/osw/conserve/smm/wastewise/wrr/rm.htm • Sample Template for RFP: http://www.mass.gov/dep/recycle/reduce/rmrfp.pdf • Department of Interior Example: http://www.doi.gov/greening/waste/information/upload/Example_Perf_Based_SW_Mgt_Contract.pdf

31. Triple Bottom Line analysis • Economic Analysis • Environmental Analysis • Social Impacts Analysis

32. Economic Analysis • What are the cost benefits of consolidating? • What is the cost difference between different bidders?

33. Environmental Analysis • Which company offers services that will help your program reduce impacts to the environment? • What impacts do the company’s operations have on the environment (i.e. GHG emissions from older vehicles vs. new)? • Does the company take any steps to improve the environment, either as part of their operations or as extra projects?

34. Social Impacts Analysis • Is the company local or national? • What other contributions have they made in the community? • What is their economic impact on the community? Employment levels? • What are their employee benefits? • Do they have a safety plan in place? • Any others?

35. Scenarios Group Activity – Provide a triple bottom line analysis for the given scenario Individual Activity – Choose a solid waste project you are working on or would like to do and analyze using the triple bottom line method.