Education Outreach

1. Education Outreach Wendy Adams Education Coordinator Acoustical Society of America

2. Today’s Plan • Introduction to ASA and ASA educational programs • Sound and Music activity • Materials • Research • Break • Explore Sound website • Lessons for • Lower elementary, Physical Science and Physics

3. Introductions • Name • Affiliation • Teaching • # years • Who: where, what level, … • Courses taught • Favorite thing to teach

4. Introductions • Wendy Adams • Acoustical Society of America and University of Northern Colorado (UNC) • 9 years introductory physics and pre-service elementary teachers at UNC • PhD in Physics Education Research at CU with Carl Wieman • PhET Project and Science Education Initiatives • Back at UNC • Favorite – had always been intro physics but now Pre-service teachers

5. Acousticians • Underwater • Animal bioacousticians • Musicians • Instrument designers, concert hall designers … • Our ears • Speech • Architectural • Medical • Engineering • Noise • Physical and Psychological acoustics

6. Educational Activities • Posters • Website • Activity kits • Optics/Acoustics Book Cover • AP Physics B curriculum • Partnerships • OSA, AAPT, Noisy Planet, DOSITS • Sounds project (next year)

7. Posters • Echolocation • Animal bioacoustics • Underwater acoustics • Acoustics • Music and Speech • Cross Polarization & Lasers • Guidebooks • 1 page description, definitions, activities, career profiles, additional resources Posters: Order/Print from www.exploresound.org Guidebooks: pdf only w/ OSA

8. Posters • Definitions • Career Profiles – 2-3 per guidebook • Additional Resources • Activities • Vetted by expert acousticians • Tested with students Print from www.exploresound.org

9. Sound and Music Activity! • 1 class period interactive lesson on Sound and Music Purely conceptual (2nd grade – college) • Physics of Sound • How the ear hears • How musical instruments work • Source of vibration, way to change pitch and way to amplify sound w/ OSA & AAPT

10. Today’s Plan • Introduction to ASA and ASA educational programs • Sound and Music activity • Materials • Kit, lesson plan, .ppt, videos, USB w/ over 50 lesson plans • Explore Sound website • Research • Break • Lessons for • Lower elementary, Physical Science and Physics

11. Activity Kits • 10 tuning forks of varying frequency • 10 ping pong balls with string

12. Tuning forks • Beats: 880, 883, 885 (the beats are faster the further apart the frequency.), • Notes an octave apart double in frequency 440, 880 and 261.6 & 523.2 • Identical forks resonate w/ nearby fork of same frequency. (Same note forks an octave apart barely do not do this.) • PVC tube (or homemade can tube) and water to hear resonance 880-9.7 cm to 261.6-32.7 cm for the first. • Doppler effect: Hole in one handle w/ string • Sympathetic vibration (place handle of vibrating fork on table) • Observe the relationship between fork tine length and pitch • Energy transfer to either a ping pong ball or a bowl of water (makes a fun mess!) • Sounds traveling in air versus a solid. (compare how far away the fork can be heard in air, then hold it on a railing or other long solid and place your ear on the solid to find out how far away it can be heard)

13. Activity Kits • 10 tuning forks of varying frequency • 10 ping pong balls with string • 4 Posters: 1.) diagram of the ear, 2.) hair cell, 3.) a healthy hair bundle and 4.) a damaged hair bundle • 150 pipe cleaners • 60 straws of that pair up. • 1 pre-assembled cup instrument • Sound level meter (not needed for intro lesson) • Lesson plan and power point • Videos of each section • 50+ spin-off lessons for • lower elementary, Physical Science and Physics.

14. www.exploresound.org • Students • Games, activities, sounds, videos, science fair project ideas (Spectrum analyzer - soon) • Beginner, Intermediate, Advanced • By content area: Our ears, music, architectural acoustics, … • Teachers & Parents • Lesson Plans, games, sounds, video, content info, homework, exams/quizzes • By course type and by content area • Additional Resources w/ OSA & AAPT

15. Upcoming Projects • AP Physics B curriculum • Currently in BETA form • Interactive lessons for any AP Physics learning goals related to acoustics • Sounds Project • Animal sounds grouped into categories with questions to encourage students to compare and contrast different animals • Boy Scout Badge

16. Today’s Plan • Introduction to ASA and ASA educational programs • Sound and Music activity • Materials • Explore Sound website • Research • Break • Lessons for • Lower elementary, Physical Science and Physics

17. Theoretical Background

18. Have you ever been frustrated by…. • “What equation do I use here?” • Students try the lab experiment until they get the ‘correct’ answer once. • The blank look when you refer to content from yesterday’s class or lab. • A student is stumped and comes to you for help. To solve part b of a problem velocity is required. • Turns out in part a they had successfully calculated velocity!

19. Research says…. • that students do not engage in their homework or laboratories as a scientist would. • Do not investigate, explore, ask questions, make connections, and deduce the rules. • Instead they just answer what has been asked • Transfer and retain little. • Why? • Students don’t know how to be a scientist? • Students don’t care? In a hurry. • Underprepared?

20. Pure Discovery • Many suggested pure discovery as an alternative. • Give grade school students paper, paper clips and a sink full of water. Build a boat that can hold the most paper clips.

21. Research Says… • Pure discovery students may learn less than with cookbook labs! (Mayer 2004) • Memory overload, confused without directions, frustrated, lots of false starts. • Students don’t know what is important or what they have learned.

22. Learning Theories • Constructivism - Students need a framework of the main ideas to build knowledge on. (Bransford et al 1999) An active process where students are active sense makers – thinking not doing. • Direct Instruction: no mental framework • Pure Discovery: about 500 years • What works? • Elicit - Confront - Resolve • Contrasting Cases • Guided Inquiry with Balanced Challenges • ?

23. Learning Theories Motivation: • Calculation frame versus sense making frame (Bing & Redish) • What is the game? • The way the problem is set up causes students to behave a certain way.

24. Learning Theories Motivation: • Performance Mode vs. Learning Mode (Dweck) • Set of problems at their level • Set of problems just out of reach • Reaction depends on their view of intelligence Balanced Challenges!

25. Testing and Evaluation • All materials used in the classroom with Real Students. • Range of teachers and researches have reviewed materials • Middle school, high school, university, PTRAs and pre-service elementary teacher formatted lessons. • Measure of learning gains

26. Sound Quiz • 22 multiple choice questions addressing the learning goals of the Sound and Music Introductory Lesson. • Interviews used to create distracters • Reviewed by many experts

27. Sound Quiz

28. Sound Quiz • Plan to expand into more waves questions in future. • Need to interview students of all ages on the questions

29. Today’s Plan • Introduction to ASA and ASA educational programs • Sound and Music activity • Materials • Explore Sound website • Research • Break • Lessons for • Lower elementary, Physical Science and Physics

30. Index of lessons Lower elementary • Sound and Music K-12 version (in progress) • How Dolphins use Sound • Speed of Sound • Identification from a distance • Fish Finding Game • Sound Rather Than Sight • 3-D location • Good vibrations (DD) • Loud Sounds Book Marks • Loud Sounds Coloring Sheets • Sound and Music Quiz (read questions aloud)

31. Index of lessons Physical Science: Upper elementary, MS, HS phys. Sci., pre-service elementary teachers • Echolocation by Dolphins and Humans • Sound Rather than Sight • 3-D Location • Sound Measures (DD) • How Loud is Too Loud? (DD) • Good Vibrations (DD) • Sound waves • Sound Lab using LabPro or Xplorer GLX (typically HS but at a MS level) • Peer Instruction - clicker questions • Giant Acoustics Word Search • Loud Sounds Book Marks • Sound and Music • Musical Instruments Part I • Musical Instruments Part II • Generalizing How Musical Instruments Work • Wave Basics • Anatomy of a Wave • Tuning Fork Discovery • The Doppler Effect • Speed of Sound • Identification from a Distance • Fish Finding Game

32. Index of lessons Physics: HS physics, AP-B, intro college • Intensity & Intensity Level (notes & Act) • Wave Equations of Motion • Introduction to Perception • *Auditory Perception, Sound Localization and Who is an Acoustician • *Speech Intelligibility, spectrum analysis and Frequency Bands • Simple Harmonic Motion (notes only) • Conservation of Energy applied to springs (notes only) • *Elephant Acoustics application assignment • Imaging methods project • Assessments: • Sound and Music pre/post • Echolocation quiz • Exam Questions • Elephant Acoustics Application assignment (listed above) Labs: • *Investigating How Music is Made$ • Traveling and Standing Waves • Sound waves • Sound Lab using LabPro or Xplorer GLX • *Waves, Harmonics and Auditory Perception • Spring to Another World (Hewitt &Baird) • Simple Harmonic Motion Lessons: • *Sound and Music • *Anatomy of a Wave • *$Generalizing How Music is Made • Speed of Sound • *Doppler Effect

33. Lesson Review • Find 1 or 2 other people who want to focus on the same level as you (elementary, Physical Science or Physics) • Work through ~2-3 lessons in your focus area. • 11:20 Provide feedback to the group on: • Successes for each lesson • Difficulties with each lesson • How would you use each activity in the classroom?

34. Acoustical Society of America • 4 part Poster series Acoustics & Optics • Website – continuously growing • Activity Kits All FREE at: www.exploresound.org