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The Age of Romanticism

The Age of Romanticism. An Age of Passion, Rebellion, Individuality, Imagination, Intuition, Idealism, and Creativity. Reason. The Age of Romanticism.

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The Age of Romanticism

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  1. The Age of Romanticism An Age of Passion, Rebellion, Individuality, Imagination, Intuition, Idealism, and Creativity

  2. Reason The Age of Romanticism Several centuries B.C., Plato described humans as a careful balance of reason, passions, and appetites, with reason as the guide. The Age of Reason elevated reason, but perhaps suppressed passions too much. For some, the emphasis on reason had gotten out of balance with the rest of human nature.

  3. Age of Reason v. Age of Romanticism • Descartes: “Cogito, ergo sum” (I think, therefore I exist.) • Rousseau: “Exister, pour nous, c’est sentir” (For us, to exist is to feel.)

  4. Qualities of Romanticism • Love of Nature • Idealization of Rural Living • Faith in Common People • Emphasis on Freedom and Individualism • Spontaneity, intuition, feeling, imagination, wonder • Passionate individual religiosity • Life after death; Organic view of the World

  5. QUALITIES OF ROMANTICISM Love of Nature “Are not the mountains, waves, and skies, a part / Of me and my soul, as I of them?” Byron “[A mountain is] the type of a majestic intellect, . . . There I beheld the emblem of a giant mind that feeds upon infinity.” Wordsworth

  6. Nature in the raw, wild state. Awe-inspiring. Sublime. Divine. The Wanderer above the Mists 1817-8 Casper Friedrich

  7. John Constable Seascape w/ Rain Cloud

  8. QUALITIES OF ROMANTICISM • Idealization of rural living “I met a little Cottage Girl: / She was eight years old, she said; / Her hair was thick with many a curl / That clustered round her head. / She had a rustic, woodland air, / An she was wildly clad: / Her eyes were fair, and very fair; / --Her beauty made me glad.” Wordsworth

  9. Millet: Gleaners Idealization of rural living

  10. The exaltation of a simple honest life Woman Baking Bread 1853-4 Jean-Francois Millet

  11. Primitive. Exotic. Portrait of a Negress Marie-Guillemine Benoist

  12. Miraculous Source Paul Gaugin

  13. Arab Being attacked by a Lion The Exotic

  14. Le Grande Odalisque 1814 Jean Auguste Dominique Ingres Turkish Harem Girl

  15. Algerian Women The Exotic

  16. The Exotic Theodore Chasseriau Cossack woman

  17. QUALITIES OF ROMANTICISM • Faith in Common People “For there’s not a man that lives who hath not known his god-like hours” Wordsworth Man is as “a god, though in the germ.” Browning

  18. Honore Daumier 1862--realism

  19. An Orphan The Common People

  20. Faith in Common People Gustave Courbet 1849

  21. QUALITIES OF ROMANTICISM Emphasis on Freedom and Individualism • Political freedom--American and French Revolution(liberty, equality, fraternity); antislavery and women’s suffrage movements • “Men of England, wherefore plough / For the lords who lay ye low? / Wherefore weave with toil and care / The rich robes your tyrants wear? . . . . . . . . . . . Wherefore, Bees of England, forge / Many a weapon, chain, and scourge, / . . . . . . / Sow seed,--but let no tyrant reap; / Find wealth,--let no imposter heap;” Shelley • “If a man does not keep pace with his companions, perhaps it is because he hears a different drummer.” Thoreau

  22. Commoners seeking their rights.

  23. Eugene Delacroix Liberty Leading the People

  24. TheRaft of the Medussa - 1818 Theodore Gericault

  25. Francisco de Goya • Execution of the Citizens • of Madrid, 3 May 1808 • 1814

  26. QUALITIES OF ROMANTICISM Spontaneity, intuition, feeling, imagination, wonder • “Jesus was all virtue, and acted from impulse, not from rules.” Blake • “[Poetry] is the spontaneous overflow of powerful feeling” and is put into art “from emotion recollected in tranquility.” Wordsworth

  27. QUALITIES OF ROMANTICISM Passionate individual religiosity • Protestant view of each man his own intermediary with Christ • Transcendentalism • “Man has no Body distinct from his Soul; for that call’d Body is a portion of Soul discern’d by the five senses, the chief inlets of Soul in this age.” William Blake

  28. QUALITIES OF ROMANTICISM • Life after death • Organic view of the world

  29. Delacroix Dante and Virgil in Hell 1822

  30. William Waterhouse The Lady of Shallot

  31. Romanticism: A Poetic Age • Wordsworth-- [Poetry is] the spontaneous overflow of powerful emotions recollected in tranquility. • Hazlitt--[poetry is] the language of imagination and the passions. • Shelley--[poetry redeems from decay] the visitations of the divine in man. • Keats--[If poetry] comes not as naturally as the Leaves to a tree it had better not come at all.

  32. Romanticism: A Poetic Age • Popular forms: blank verse, the ballad, the short lyric, Rime Royal stanzas, Spenserian stanzas, the sonnet • Meter: lines were often enjambed, loose, with a free use of caesura and other spontaneous breaks in patterns. • “. . . spinning still/ The rapid line of motion, then at once/ Have I, reclining back upon my heels,/ Stopped short; yet still the solitary cliffs/ Wheeled by me -- . . .” (Wordsworth-- “The Prelude”)

  33. Gothic Models Replace Greco-Roman Architecture

  34. Flying Buttresses—back of Notre Dame

  35. St. Paul’s Church---Princeton Gothic Architecture

  36. Gothic Architecture Princeton University Chapel

  37. Romantic Music

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