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Identifying a research question and study objectives

Knowledge, attitude and practices about HIV in the rural areas of the 24 Parganas district, West Bengal. Identifying a research question and study objectives. 1. Background on HIV in West Bengal. The HIV pandemic continues to expand

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Identifying a research question and study objectives

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  1. Knowledge, attitude and practices about HIV in the rural areas of the 24 Parganas district, West Bengal Identifying a research question and study objectives

  2. 1. Background on HIV in West Bengal • The HIV pandemic continues to expand • India has a large number of infected individuals and has not yet controlled transmission • While West Bengal is not among the states with highest prevalence, prevalence is increasing

  3. 2. Public health problem statement Sentinel surveillance data suggest that the prevalence of HIV infection among women attending the ante-natal clinics in the South 24-Parganas district of West Bengal, India increased from 0.58% in 2004 to 2.14% in 2005

  4. 3. Public health importance • Burden • In the absence of universal treatment, HIV infection still leads to death • Even treated, HIV infection causes disability • HIV infection in women leads to transmission to children • Possible interventions • IEC is effective • Transmission can be stopped

  5. Direct contributing factors 4. Analysis of the problem Migrations Multiple partners Consequences Health problem Determinants Low participation in awareness campaigns -Increase in HIV prevalence -Increase in children born with HIV HIV transmission among rural women Unsafe sexual practices Lack of IEC in rural areas Increased condom availability Specific IEC activities in rural areas targeting The women

  6. 5. Planned, ongoing or completed interventions • Existing interventions • Good IEC activities in urban areas and in high-risk groups (including targeted interventions) • Annual campaign for sexually transmitted diseases (Family Health Awareness Campaign- FHAC) in rural areas • Status of these interventions • IEC activities are lacking in rural areas • Poor participation of the rural population in the FHAC

  7. 5. Information missing to prevent more effectively • Summary of what is already established • Prevalence of HIV is increasing in the rural South 24-Parganas • Specific IEC interventions can be effective • The effectiveness of IEC campaigns can be increased if the knowledge, attitudes and practices are understood • Summary of the unknown • The outbreak could be shifting from urban to rural areas • Awareness of women in rural areas about the disease, its transmission and measures for prevention

  8. 7. Research question To better run prevention IEC activities, we wish we would know how women in the rural areas of the 24-P district perceive the risks associated with the HIV outbreak and the active steps they could take to protect themselves

  9. 9. Objectives of the study among women of rural areas of the 24-P district, West Bengal • Estimate the frequency of specific knowledge, attitudes and practices with respect to: • HIV infection • Steps that can be taken for prevention • Identify vulnerable women who may lack key elements to engage in safer practices

  10. 10. Future benefit • Special IEC package for rural areas that could be used in the whole state of West Bengal • Population groups that need to be specifically targeted for IEC activities

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