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Introduction to Kingdom Fungi

Introduction to Kingdom Fungi. What is a fungus? . A eukaryotic , heterotrophic organism devoid of chlorophyll that obtains its nutrients by absorption, and reproduces by spores . Can be multicellular or unicellular. Examples of Fungi. Mushrooms and toadstools Moulds & mildews

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Introduction to Kingdom Fungi

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  1. Introduction to Kingdom Fungi

  2. What is a fungus? • A eukaryotic, heterotrophic organism devoid of chlorophyll that obtains its nutrients by absorption, and reproduces by spores. • Can be multicellular or unicellular

  3. Examples of Fungi • Mushrooms and toadstools • Moulds & mildews • Yeasts (unicellular)

  4. Mode of nutrition • Fungi=absorptive heterotrophs • release digestive enzymes into surroundings • Absorb digested nutrients into cells.

  5. Hyphae (singular, hypha) • Bodies made up of hyphae • Tight mass  difficult to see as separate structures. • (like the ‘mushroom’ part) • Cylindrical, branching filaments composed of a tubular cell wall filled with cytoplasm and organelles • Most fungal hyphae are 2-10 m diameter

  6. Mycelium • Loose, branching network of hyphae under the ground.

  7. http://www.uoguelph.ca/~gbarron/MISCELLANEOUS/hairpen.htm

  8. How Fungi Feed • Most are saprophytes: break down dead matter • Play a vital role in the recycling of nutrients. • As grown along dead matter (log), break substrate down into smaller molecules. (enzymes) • Extracellular digestion.

  9. The mycelium is the part of the fungus that is digesting material. • Can be deep within a decomposing tree branch.

  10. Parasitic Fungi • Produce hyphae called haustoria. • Can penetrate host cells without killing them. • Athlete’s foot, ringworm, dandruff. • C. Myrmecophila parasitizes animals. When spore lands on ant, grows in ant’s body  hyphae spread through ant’s body, digesting tissues (digesting)  eventually forms the ‘sex organ’ of the fungus by growing out of ant’s body.

  11. Symbiotic Fungi • Symbiotic fungi (mutual benefit) • most trees have fungi living in close contact with roots (mycorrhiza) • Fungi absorbs nutrients from soil and transfers to roots • Fungi benefits by absorbing nutrients from plants • some live with algae/cyanobacteria(lichens –often seen on tree trunks) • Fungi provide algae/photosynthetic bacteria with H2O and CO2 • Algae/cyanobacteriaprovidesnutrients for fungi

  12. Reproduction • Can reproduce asexually and sexually • Fragmentation Asexual pieces of hyphaebreak off and grow into new mycelia • Spore Formation Asexual produced by mitosis OR Sexual produced by meiosis • Spores:windblown reproductive cells for dispersal to new locations • produced in large numbers • Note: sexual reproduction used during unfavorable conditions

  13. Classification 4 subgroups Zygosporefungi –eg. bread moulds Clubfungi –eg. puffballs, mushrooms Imperfectfungi –eg. Penicillium, Blue cheese Sacfungi –eg. truffles, yeast

  14. Independent Reading • Read the sections on zygospores, club fungi, sac fungi, and imperfect fungi. • Make brief notes on these groups, and in your notes make sure to: • Give an example of this type of fungi • BRIEFLY describe how they reproduce.

  15. Seatwork/Homework • Page 458, #1-7, 10

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