1 / 21

UNIT 6

UNIT 6. Theories of Covalent Bonding and Intro to Organic Chemistry: Nomenclature of Alkenes, Alkynes, Alcohols. Structural Isomers Have the Same Molecular Formula. Draw the line angle structure of:.

arkadiy-popov
Download Presentation

UNIT 6

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. UNIT 6 Theories of Covalent Bonding and Intro to Organic Chemistry: Nomenclature of Alkenes, Alkynes, Alcohols

  2. Structural Isomers Have the Same Molecular Formula Draw the line angle structure of: The molecular formula of this compound is C8H18. Draw three more structural isomers of octane.

  3. Valence Bond Descriptions .. .. .. :O = S = O: What orbitals overlap to form each of the bonds in SO2? • The S-O sigma bond in each double bond is formed by the overlap of an O sp2 hybrid orbital with a S sp2 hybrid orbital. • Each S-O pi bond is formed by the overlap of the S 3pz orbital with the O 2pz orbital. • Two sp2orbitals on each of the O’s and one sp2 orbital on the S are not involved in any bond.

  4. Nomenclature of Alkenes • Number the C chain from the end that brings you to the double bond sooner, then use the alkane naming rules and -ene. IUPAC (common) H2C=CH2ethene (ethylene) H2C=CH-CH3propene (propylene) • Planar geometry around the double bond • 120° bond angles to the C atoms in the double bond

  5. Nomenclature of Alkenes cis-but-2-ene bp = 4°C methylpropene bp = - 7°C geometric isomers but-1-ene bp = -6°C What are the bond angles? All four are structural isomers. trans-but-2-ene bp = 1°C

  6. Nomenclature of Alkenes Name this alkene. 6,6-dichloro-5-ethyl-4-methylhept-1-ene Give a VB description of the C-Cl bond. Draw the line angle structure for 1-chloro-3-methyl-1,3-butadiene

  7. Alkynes • Contain at least one C≡C bond. Alkynes are unsaturated molecules. • The two π bonds make the geometry through the triple bond linear. • The triple bond is highly reactive, so alkynes are not found widely in nature, though they are used as intermediates in industrial processes.

  8. Nomenclature of Alkynes • Number the C chain from the end that brings you to the triple bond sooner, then use the alkane naming rules and -yne. IUPAC (common) HC≡CH ethyne (acetylene) HC≡C-CH3propyne • Linear geometry around the triple bond • 180° bond angles to the C atoms in the triple bond

  9. Alkynes Draw the condensed structural formula and line angle structure for 4-methylpent-2-yne. CH3 - C≡ C - CH - CH3 | CH3 CH3C≡CCH(CH3)2 * What is the hybridization on the starred C? What is the geometry? Give a VB description of one of the C-C pi bonds.

  10. Alcohols • Contain the -OH (hydroxyl) group. • Alcohols are NOT bases. In fact, some can be acidic (phenol). • Can be soluble in polar solvents such as water (hydrocarbons are not soluble in water). • Primary (1°) alcohols: R – CH2 - OH • Secondary (2°) alcohols: R - CH - R' | OH • Tertiary (3°) alcohols: R″ | R - C - R' | OH R,R',R″ designate the rest of the molecule. R represents an alkyl group.

  11. Nomenclature of Alcohols Number the C chain from the end that brings us to the -OH group sooner, then use the alkane naming rules and -ol. 1° alcoholsIUPAC (common) CH3CH2OH ethanol (ethyl alcohol) CH3CH2CH2OH propan-1-ol (n-propyl alcohol) or 1-propanol *CH3OH *Methanol is not primary, it’s a methyl alcohol.

  12. Nomenclature of Alcohols Number the C chain from the end that brings us to the -OH group sooner, then use the alkane naming rules and -ol. 2° alcoholsIUPAC (common) CH3CHCH3propan-2-ol (isopropyl alcohol) | or 2-propanol OH CH3CHCH2CH3butan-2-ol or 2-butanol | OH

  13. Nomenclature of Alcohols isopropyl alcohol IUPAC: propan-2-ol or 2-propanol t-butyl alcohol IUPAC: methylpropan-2-ol ethylene glycol IUPAC: ethane-1,2-diol Which are primary? Secondary? Tertiary?

  14. Nomenclature of Alcohols 1°? 2°? 3°? Give the IUPAC name of each. Give a VB description of one of the O-H bonds.

  15. Nomenclature of Alcohols propylene glycol glycerine, glycerol IUPAC:propane-1,2,3-triol phenol IUPAC: phenol Draw the line angle structure for 2-methyl-3-butyn-2-ol

  16. Nomenclature of Alcohols IUPAC:10,13-dimethyl-17-(6-methylheptan-2-yl)-2,3,4,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-ol What is the H-C-C bond angle for either of the “dashed” H’s?

  17. Draw Line Angle and 3-D Structures

  18. Give Condensed Structural Formula

  19. Functional Groups - Review alcohol ether alkene R = alkyl group - X halide alkyne - C≡N amine (1°) nitrile

  20. Functional Groups - Review aldehyde carboxylic acid amide ketone ester aromatic ring

  21. Functional Groups Circle and label each functional group. fructose threonine γ-butyrolactone (GBL) acetaminophen

More Related