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BRAIN DRAIN Issues Research Policies Interventions

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BRAIN DRAIN Issues Research Policies Interventions

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    1. BRAIN DRAIN Issues Research Policies + Interventions Caglar Ozden DECRG January 2007

    2. Brain Drain Issues

    Growth + Development + Investment Role of Human Capital Lost Positive Externalities Key Public Services Medical Services Education + R&D Fiscal Impact Expenditure + Lost tax Revenue

    3. Brain Drain Issues

    Are there no benefits? Remittances?? Technology transfer Return + Circular Migration Integration w/ Global Economy Other Diaspora externalities

    4. Brain Drain Issues

    Million Dollar Question Do we have the right to limit migration? Do we have the right to tell people they can not migrate?

    5. Brain Drain Research

    Most Comprehensive Database to Date (2005) Data from 190+ countries 3 Education levels Both 1990 & 2000 New Extensions Place of Education Gender 1970 + 1980 Specific Professions - Medicine

    Brain Drain Share of Educated Population Living Abroad Brain Drain Share of Population Living Abroad Total Tertiary educated Brain Drain Brain Drain Brain Drain Share of Labor Force Living Abroad, Selected Countries from Sub-Saharan Africa 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% Gambia Ghana Kenya Madagascar Niger Nigeria Senegal Uganda Zimbabwe Total Tertiary educated Brain Drain Brain Drain Migrants from Developing Countries in 2000 (Mil.) Others Tertiary Brain Drain Migrants to France by Age of Migration, 1990 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% Morocco Tunisia Cote d'Ivoire Senegal Niger Turkey Poland Albania 0-11 12-17 18-21 Brain Drain Brain Drain Brain Drain Brain Waste Percent of College Educated Migrants in Skilled Jobs in 2000

    18. Brain Drain Research

    Brain Gain + Brain Waste Brain Drain + Small States Brain Drain + Economic Growth Medical Brain Drain + HIV in Africa GHANA HEALTH SYSTEM REFORM

    19. Brain Drain Policies + Interventions

    Do we really have a problem? small + isolated countries Large developing countries Europe + Japan? Fiscal Impact Bhagwati Tax? Turkish Military Service Exemption (if you pay!) Private Education a la the Philippines?

    20. Brain Drain Policies + Interventions

    Educational Reform Private education Mandatory service Restrictions on mobility Services Delivery Reforming labor markets Healthcare services in Africa

    21. Brain Drain Policies + Interventions

    Destination Country Policies Should Britain limit recruitment of nurses from Africa? Mutual Recognition of Diplomas Citizenship Policies Multilateral Policy Coordination Trade in Service � why can�t the patient travel? Temporary migration policies Linkages with goods trade and FDI

    22. Brain Drain Issues

    Million Dollar Question Do we have the right to limit migration? Do we have the right to tell people they can not migrate?

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