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World War I America

World War I America. Woodrow Wilson at Princeton. Woodrow Wilson…. Progressive : Anti-trust (anti-monopoly); for women’s suffrage; for labor rights; Anti-war. Often defined by his morality and idealism . …Woodrow Wilson.

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World War I America

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  1. World War IAmerica

  2. Woodrow Wilson at Princeton

  3. Woodrow Wilson… • Progressive: Anti-trust (anti-monopoly); for women’s suffrage; for labor rights; Anti-war. • Often defined by his morality and idealism.

  4. …Woodrow Wilson • Birth of A Nation special showing at White House: a clearly racist, pro-KKK film. • Intervenes in Mexico with U.S. troops. • Declares war against The Central Powers (Germany, Austria, Turkey)

  5. Why get involved in World War I? • This headline from the front page of the May 8, 1915 edition of the "New York Times" reads, "Lusitania Sunk by A Submarine, probably 1260 Dead."

  6. Why enter WWI? • 1915: Lusitania sunk by Germans; 126 Americans killed. • 1917: Germans resume unrestricted submarine warfare around British Isles. • 1917: Zimmerman Telegram to Mexico. • World, Allied, and British-U.S. commerce and trade threatened. • And, of course, for freedom and democracy.

  7. Preparing for war • Selective Service Act: institutes nationwide conscription/draft. • U.S. armed forces: from 200,000 to nearly 5 million!

  8. Persuading for war • Wilson creates the Committee on Public Information (CPI) to influence public opinion to support the war effort. • George Creel is chairman.

  9. The U.S. Food Administration • Headed by Herbert Hoover; advised Americans to save certain foods for export to supply the Allied war effort.

  10. "Food will win the war, don't waste it."

  11. World War I Propaganda

  12. World War I Propaganda

  13. George Creel’s Committee on Public Information: Propaganda Films

  14. “The 4 Minute Men” • Volunteer Army of 75,000, organized by the Creel’s CPI, these men gave patriotic, pro-war speeches before stages and movie shows nationwide.

  15. “Buy Government Bonds– It’s your patriotic duty!”

  16. All Quiet on the Western Front?

  17. World War I SoldierMore than a 2 million American men were sent overseas to fight in World War I. 52,000 Americans died in battle. 60,000 died of illness such as pneumonia and influenza.

  18. Poison gas warfare

  19. Modern War: Technology and Progress

  20. In the trenches

  21. Repression on the Home front • The Espionage Act: imprisonment and fine for anyone found guilty of aiding the enemy, obstructing recruitment, or causing insubordination in the armed forces.(1917) • The Sedition Act: outlawed any disloyal, profane, or abusive language intended to cause contempt, scorn, or disrepute to the government, Constitution, or flag.(1918)

  22. Germans Board a Train for Deportation. • The Alien Act (1918) allows for deportation of non-naturalized immigrants if they are deemed a threat to the government.

  23. Eugene Debs • After giving an anti-war speech, Debs is arrested for “obstructing the recruiting or enlistment service,” under the Espionage Act. • Sentenced to 10 years in prison (serves almost 3). • About 900 people went to prison under the Espionage Act.

  24. Women Working in Factories A million women entered the American workforce during World War I. In this factory, women of all ages are packing hand grenade parts to be shipped overseas.

  25. Soldiers of the 369th Infantry, the “Harlem Hellfighters”

  26. Post-war home front:Disappointment • African Americans • Women • Labor Unions • Immigrants But the U.S. economy is growing and international influence/power is stronger…

  27. “The War to End All Wars” Peace Treaty Signed at Versailles, 1919 Woodrow Wilson leaving the Palace of Versailles after signing the Peace Treaty.

  28. Wilsonian Idealism… • 14 Points: Wilson calls for lasting peace, diplomacy, free trade with all nations, self-determination and opportunity for autonomous development for all nations, and the re-drawing of national boundaries. • League of Nations: International body designed to enforce the new order; rejected by Congress.

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