Teddy Roosevelt Man of the World

1. Speak softly and carry a big stick, and you will go far. Teddy RooseveltMan of the World “Speak softly but carry a big stick”

3. Panama Canal Zone (1903) • Canal had been attempted by the French in 1880s…massive failure • 1902 Congress approved purchase of French claim and equipment • Panama was a colony of Colombia • TR negotiated with Colombia • $10 million in gold and $250,000 per year for a 6 mile wide strip of land across the isthmus

4. U.S. Senate ratifies treaty… • Colombian Congress sought to extort more money even though their representatives had signed the treaty • Rejection of the treaty might “compromise the friendly understanding” between the two countries… • Panama had often tried to rebel and become independent…these frequent uprisings worried President Roosevelt because Americans in Panama could be in danger • Wielding his “big stick” Teddy sent the gunboat Nashville to Panama with U.S. Marines just incase violence broke out • November 2, 1903 Panama revolution began • U.S. Marines came ashore to protect Americans • By November 4th a new government was declared • New President of Panama instantly negotiated a treaty with the USA • USA got 10-mile strip of land for a canal (same terms as Colombia) • Colombia was furious…ready to attack…Teddy warned them that Panama was a friend and ally of the USA…

6. Panama Canal Panama Canal 2

7. Other example of the “Big Stick” • 1904 Northern Securities – taking on J.P. Morgan is gutsy… • 1905 – Treaty of Portsmouth • Teddy used “Big Stick” diplomacy to negotiate / mediate and end to the Russo-Japanese war • Meeting took place in Portsmouth, NH • Teddy won the Nobel Peace Prize in 1906 for this effort (first U.S. President to get it) • 1907 – Great White Fleet – massive new navy…world tour…15 battleships

8. Roosevelt Corollaryto the Monroe Doctrine Twice during Roosevelt's years in office European powers threatened intervention in Venezuela and once in the Dominican Republic, presumably to collect debts owed to their nationals. To meet a threat of possible permanent intervention the secretary of war, Elihu Root, and Roosevelt framed a policy statement in 1904 that eventually became known as the Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine. It stated that not only would the United States prohibit non-American intervention in Latin-American affairs but it would also police the area and guarantee that these countries met their international obligations. The corollary sanctioning U.S. intervention was to be applied in 1905 when, without Congressional approval, Roosevelt forced the Dominican Republic to accept the appointment of a U.S. "economic advisor," who quickly became the financial director of the small state.

10. Gunboat Diplomacy “Speak softly but carry a big stick.”

11. China

12. Stereotypes of the Chinese Immigrant Oriental [Chinese] Exclusion Act, 1887

13. The Open Door Policy Secretary John Hay. Give all nations equalaccess to trade in China. Guaranteed that China would NOT be taken over by any one foreign power.

14. America as a Pacific Power

15. America's New Role

16. The Cares of a Growing Family

17. Constable of the World

18. Treaty of Portsmouth: 1905 Nobel Peace Prize for Teddy

19. The Great White Fleet: 1907

20. Taft’s “Dollar Diplomacy” Improve financialopportunities for American businesses. Use private capital tofurther U. S. interestsoverseas. Therefore, the U.S. should create stability and order abroad that would best promote America’s commercial interests.

21. Mexico

22. The Mexican Revolution: 1910s Victoriano Huerta seizes control of Mexico and puts Madero in prison where he was murdered. Venustiano Carranza, Pancho Villa, Emiliano Zapata, and Alvaro Obregon fought against Huerta. The U.S. also got involved by occupying Veracruz and Huerta fled the country. Eventually Carranza would gain power in Mexico.

23. The Mexican Revolution: 1910s Emiliano Zapata Pancho Villa Venustiano Carranza Porfirio Diaz Francisco I Madero

24. Wilson’s “Moral Diplomacy” The U. S. shouldbe the conscienceof the world. Spread democracy. Promote peace. Condemn colonialism.

25. Searching for Banditos General John J. Pershing with PanchoVilla in 1914.

26. U. S. Global Investments &Investments in Latin America, 1914

27. U. S. Interventions in Latin America: 1898-1920s

28. Uncle Sam: One of the “Boys?”