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Texan Independence

Chapter 7 section 3 Objective 4.2 Evaluate the impact settlement had upon different groups of people. Texan Independence. Mexico Gains Its Independence 1821- Mexico gains it independence from Spain.

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Texan Independence

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  1. Chapter 7 section 3 Objective 4.2 Evaluate the impact settlement had upon different groups of people Texan Independence

  2. Mexico Gains Its Independence • 1821- Mexico gains it independence from Spain. • Northern territory: Texas, California, New Mexico remained part of Mexico= great distance= political independence from Mexico. • Northern Territory Inhabitants: Native Americans & Hispanic settlers= settlements attacked by Apache, Comanche's & others. • the Spanish had est. missions to spread the Christian faith & Spanish culture. • Native Americans often worked on the in slave-like conditions • By 1820- mission system had declined • Frontier forts- presidios became weak as well

  3. California • Cattle ranching= mainstay of life • White Spanish “Dons” & families dominated society. • Mestizos- middle class of mixed Anglo-Native Americans • Native-Americans-bottom of social structure • Americans Move Into Mexican Lands • Post Mexican independence= Americans increasingly moved to California - • Texas-served as a type of boundary between the US & Mexico. • Texas- about 2,500 (Tejanos) settled San Antonio & Goliad • Before 1821-Spain allowed foreigners to settle Texas

  4. Mexico & Texas • 1823-1825 Mexico passed 3 colonization laws • Exemption from tax for Americans to settle in Texas • Required Mexican citizenship and conversion to Catholicism • Empresarios – ‘agent’ – given land to fill it with settlers – became governors • National Colonization Act – Mexican Act giving land to 26 Empresarios • Stephen F. Austin • 1st & most successful empresario • Founded Washington on the Brazos • Attracted 1500 families

  5. What is a tejano? • Spanish speaking inhabitants of the territory • Mixed birth inhabitant • Mexican cowboy • A spicy taco

  6. Americanizing Texas • Americans accepted Mexican citizenship- few adopted Mexican culture or Roman Catholicism. • 1826- Benjamin Edwards (brother of an empresario) led a rebellion against the Mexican government= wanted to establish Fredonia= Mexican troops & Tejanos led by Stephen Austin ended the revolt. • In 1830- the Mexican government closed its doors to immigration by Americans.

  7. Mexico & Texas • 1830 – Mexico closed its borders, taxed imports & banned importing slaves • Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna • Mexican leader – become dictator (1834) • Austin tried to negotiate (1833) • Austin sent a letter to Tejano leaders telling them to start forming their own governments (1833-34) • Austin prepared Texans to organize an army (1835)

  8. Mexico & Texas • Gonzales – 1835 – 1st ‘battle’ won by Texan army at San Antonio- “Come & Take It”= Americans take San Antonio (Dec. 1835) • Sam Houston – former governor of Tennessee took control of the Texan army • The Alamo- a Spanish mission • Texan army (180 men) led by William B. Travis • Goal- hold out so Sam Houston could prepare an army. • Reinforcements never came (32 settlers showed up) • After 13 days- the Mexicans overtook the Texans after a 6 hour battle

  9. The National Colonization Act gave large amounts of land to: • Mestizos • Vacqueros • Tejanos • Empresarios

  10. Mexico & Texas • Goliad- Texas troops surrendered= Santa Anna ordered the execution of 300 Texans • Another lost battle by the Texans • Battle of San Jacinto • Surprise attack = capture of Santa Anna • Santa Anna forced to sign a treaty recognizing Texas Independence (Mexico never accepted this) • “Remember the Alamo!”, “Remember Goliad” • Texans won the war • Texas gets its Independence – 1836

  11. The Republic of Texas • Sam Houston elected President • Voted 3,277 to 91 to be annexed by the US • Congress opposed – slavery problem • Andrew Jackson – did nothing • John Tyler – President after Harrison died! • wanted to admit Texas as a slave state • Killed his chances of a second term

  12. Election of 1844 • Annexation was the issue Henry Clay Whig For entering Texas as a slave state James Birney Liberty Party Abolitionists who were Whigs James K. Polk Democrat Texas as a slave state

  13. James K. Polk 1845-1849 • Texas as a slave state • ‘Fifty-Four Forty or Fight’- • Campaign slogan • Add the Oregon territory as a state extending the border to the 54th parallel • Great Britain & US finally agreed on the 49th • Buy California from Mexico • Before Tyler left office he pushed the annexation of Texas through in 1845

  14. Mexican Reaction • Outrage at the annexation • Broke diplomatic relations with the US • Border dispute • Mexico – Nueces River • US – Rio Grande • John Slidell – sent by Polk to purchase California • Jose Joaquin Herrara – president of Mexico refused to meet with him

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