AIDS in Asia

1. AIDS in Asia Annie Chang B Block, Leslie

2. People with AIDS in Asia can't do anything to save their lives, but only to wait until deaths come.

3. The Pandemic's first horrific appearance

4. What is HIV/AIDS? • HIV: Human Immuno- deficiency Virus • AIDS: Acquired Immuno Deficiency Syndrome • HIV/AIDS first discovered in 1981 by MMWR 5 cases of Pneumocystis Cariniipneumonia(PCP) • Later in 1983, renamed HIV/AIDS

5. Early Appearances of AIDS (Hunter 7) • Early 1980s, AIDS started spreading to all over the world • Except for Africa, many countries were “clean” • By the twenty first century, no countries were “clean” anymore: all countries infected from AIDS/HIV • Spread to Asia during 1990s, a little later than other countries

6. Where did AIDS come from? • AIDS based largely on sub-Saharan Africa (Hunter 27) • Came from SIV (Simian Immunodeficiency Virus) which is disease that animals, usually monkeys and apes, in Africa suffer from (Hunter 26) • When Africans ate animals infected from SIV, HIV appeared in their bodies

7. Pandemic in Asia • First appeared in mid-1980s • Initially seen as sex between homosexuals • mid-1980s, half or more sex workers infected in Mumbai • High infection rates among drug users • Early 1990s, spread to heterosexual people • Asia panic because people have never seen this disease before (Hunter 27) • Many didn’t have any knowledge about AIDS: lead to spreading more quickly in Asia (Hunter 22)

8. Causes of this Pandemic

9. Sex slaves/workers, prostitutes • Orphans in Nepal reviled by family, friends, neighbors are usually told lies and trafficked as sex slaves • Girls show 38% AIDS positive • Under age 15 girls show mover 60% positive • India’s AIDS/HIV increase is assumed to be caused by sex trafficking from Nepal: they are right next to each other • Governments seldom take actions due to economic problems, AIDS not seen as important (Paddock)

10. Addiction to Drugs • Opium first came into China when British came to Asia • People’s dependence on Opium grew larger in Golden triangle Area • Heroin epidemic grew in South Asia in 1960s and 1970s : still being a problem in Myanmar, Thailand and Malaysia • Intravenous Injection, common in Vietnam, rapidly increased HIV infection in the late 1980s and early 1990s

11. Sex between men • Sex between men: earliest records of HIV in Asia • Asia’s culture doesn’t accept homosexuals and discourages homosexuality; many people hide their homosexuality • Gay men are ashamed, which makes them not identify as gays

12. China and AIDS

13. China's rapid growth (Hunter 93) • 2003, during survey, 17% of population never heard of HIV/AIDS, 77% didn’t know condom • First seen in 1989 at China’s Yunnan Province when heroin dealers from Myanmar came • Yunnan became brothel crowded with prostitutes from Burma

14. Province of Hennan (Hunter 94) • AIDS epidemic in Henan province, 75% infected • When farmers protested, government tried to cover the scandal: marched to Beijing, but blocked • Police’s arrest, beating, destroying • International criticism, China arrested 4 officials in charge of Hennan and gave them money and provided treatments • China dumped medicine without instructions • Many rural population think blood is gift from your ancestor that you should never lose: x donation

15. Women and AIDS in Asia

16. Why women? • Women are more biologically vulnerable (Hunter 188) • Higher risk of HIV infection physically, and female condoms are too expensive for women in Asian countries • Women lack economic power(Hunter 188) • In Asia’s developing countries, women only provide non-profit labor in houses: economically less power than men: women are expected more in brothels b/c unemployment for women is much higher • Unfair “social rules” (Hunter 189) • 2/3 of illiterate adults=women • In many Asian countries, women are people who give “pleasure” to men when they come back from work • Controls women’s ability to speak out (Hunter 190)

17. What is the government doing?

18. Government's little efforts • Government’s little effort to teach people about AIDS • Governments of Asia received condoms from the United States until 1990s, when the number slowly started decreasing • STD treatment taught to developing countries in Asia, which reduced HIV infection in Asia half of what it was before

19. Bibliography "AIDS in Asia." New York Times [New York] 14 July 2004: pg.1 Global Issues in Context. Web. 4 Mar. 2014. <http://find.galegroup.com/gic/retrieve.do?sgHitCountType=None&sort=Relevance&tabID=T006&prodId=GIC&resultListType=RESULT_LIST&searchId=R1&searchType=&currentPosition=1&qrySerId=Locale%28en%2C%2C%29%3AFQE%3D%28KE%2CNone%2C12%29AIDS+in+Asia%24&userGroupName=mlin_m_brookhs&inPS=true&docId=A119256466&contentSet=IAC-Documents&docId=A119256466&docType=IAC>. "HiV and AIDS in Asia." Averting Hiv and AIDS. AVERT, n.d. Web. 27 Mar. 2014. <http://www.avert.org/hiv-and-aids-asia.htm>. Hunter, Susan. AIDS in Asia: the Continent in Peril. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data, 2005. Print. "Legal, Policy Barriers Remain Heavy for Asia-Pacific AIDS Fighting." New York Times 19 Nov. 2013: Global Issues in Context. Web. 4 Mar. 2014. <http://find.galegroup.com/gic/retrieve.do?sgHitCountType=None&sort=DateDescend&tabID=T004&prodId=GIC&resultListType=RESULT_LIST&searchId=R1&searchType=&currentPosition=3&qrySerId=Locale%28en%2C%2C%29%3AFQE%3D%28KE%2CNone%2C12%29AIDS+in+Asia%24&userGroupName=mlin_m_brookhs&inPS=true&docId=A349521918&contentSet=IAC-Documents&docId=A349521918&docType=IAC>.

20. Paddock, Catherine. "Sex Slavery Spreads HIV in South Asia." Medical News Today: Web. 27 Mar. 2014. <http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/78425.php>. Poshyachinda, V. "Drugs and AIDS in Southeast-Asia." National Center for Biotechnology Information. U.S. National Library of Medicine, 1993. Web. 27 Mar. 2014. <http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8300028>. Reed, Jennifer. The AIDS Epidemic: Disaster and Survival. New Jersey, U.S.: Enslow, 2005. Print.