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Remembering and Forgetting Information

Remembering and Forgetting Information. Chapter 3. Remembering. Using a Schema. Importance of Organization. Organized, coherent, structured “map” of our world Something doesn’t match we have to stop and overcome confusion Must be able to block out incorrect information Giving directions

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Remembering and Forgetting Information

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  1. Remembering and Forgetting Information Chapter 3

  2. Remembering

  3. Using a Schema

  4. Importance of Organization • Organized, coherent, structured “map” of our world • Something doesn’t match we have to stop and overcome confusion • Must be able to block out incorrect information • Giving directions • New information must be stored correctly • Misplacing items

  5. Recognition • Say with great accuracy when something is familiar • Much more stored in memory that we might think • Singles items may be indexed under several headings • Can recognize a piano regardless of the song • Can recognize songs regardless of the instrument • More categories assigned, easier retrieval

  6. Recall • Active reconstruction of information • Every word you use • Knowledge, attitudes, and expectations • Can simplify, distort, or enrich • Confabulation • False memories • Fill in gaps of incomplete memories

  7. Confabulation • Clip from Harry Potter

  8. Relearning • Implicit memory • Long-term memory has general concepts • Specific details are forgotten • Need to use knowledge learned years ago • Fewer tries/shorter time than someone learning for the first time = benefiting

  9. Photographic Memory • Eidetic Memory • Rarely seen in adults • Children can recall very specific details from a picture, page, or scene briefly viewed • Does not truly exist as we imagine • Merely an increased capacity of iconic memory

  10. Eyewitness Reports

  11. Forgetting

  12. Forgetting • Does not mean memory is lost • Inability to bring it back • Forgetting occurs rapidly • Overlearning: rehearse it continually • Not enough practice • Memory decay

  13. Interference Theory • Conflict between new and old material • Adjusting schemas causes problems • New material similar to old hard to remember • Proactive: earlier memory does the blocking • Retroactive: later memory does the blocking • EX: New phone number

  14. Repression • Old data not always lost, but blocked • Blocked not always accident(Freud) • Embarrassing of frightening experiences • Useful applications • Parking your car

  15. Amnesia • Blocking of old memories, loss of newer ones • Explanations • Temporary reduction of blood supply from an injury • Blow to the head causes major electrical changes, wiping out new memories • Another blow to the head will not undo amnesia

  16. Amnesia Cont. • Retrograde Amnesia • Loss of past memories • Memories closer to accident more likely to be forgotten • Anterograde Amnesia • Inability to create new memories • Long-term memories remain intact • “Short term memory loss”

  17. Amnesia Examples Retrograde Anterograde Dory clip • Sponge Bob clip

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