An introduction to: human Trafficking

1. An introduction to:human Trafficking “Modern Day Slavery in the United States and Maryland” Presented by the Maryland Rescue and Restore Coalition info@marylandcoalition.org

2. Promote AWARENESS in an effort to reduce incidences of new victimization and increase identification of existing victims • Facilitate PREVENTION by educating potential victims, encouraging moral and just conduct, ministering to perpetrators, and advocating for fair trade and values-based economics • Participate in ADVOCACY efforts to promote an equitable and just legal system • Support INTERVENTION of human trafficking activity by working cooperative with law enforcement and stimulating citizen involvement • Develop CARE services and a care-giver network for victims and perpetrators

3. Human Trafficking Defined • THE CRIMINAL ACT (What): recruiting, harboring, transporting, provisioning, or obtaining of a person age 18 or older for labor or services, • THE METHODS (How): through the use of force, fraud, or coercion • THE PURPOSE (Why): for subjection to involuntary servitude, peonage, debt bondage, or slavery Victims of Trafficking and Violence Prevention Act 2000. Sec. 103 (8-9)

4. WHATDOES IT LOOK LIKE? Organ harvesting Forced labor Child exploitation Forced Prostitution

5. Scope of the Problem • $32-44billion industry worldwide 2ndlargest (fastest growing) criminal enterprise in the world • Most common form of human trafficking (79%) is sexual exploitation. Labor at 18% • Worldwide, almost 27% of all trafficking victims are children. But in some parts, they make up the majority (West Africa) UN Office of Drugs and Crime; US HHS 2011; International Labor Organization 2005

6. Why is this a U.S. Concern? • The State Deptfirst included the U.S. in the Trafficking in Persons Report in 2010. • The U.S. is the #1 consumer of human beings, at an estimated $11-13billion annually • 600,000–800,000 people are bought and sold across international borders each year; 50% are children, most are female. The majority are forced into the commercial sex trade. – U.S. Dept. of State, 2004, TIP Report • Investigators and researchers estimate the average predator in the U.S. can make more than $200,000 a year off one young girl. – NBC Report • 300,000 children in the U.S. are at risk every year for commercial sexual exploitation. - U.S. Department of Justice • Atlanta is the #1 destination domestically and #4 destination internationally for commercial minor sex trafficking (overall: $290 million/year total) US State Dept; DoS TIP Report 2004; US DoJ; Hidden in Plain View: The Commercial Sexual Exploitation of Girls in Atlanta and Urban Institute

7. MARYLAND: “THE PERFECT STORM” • Along the I-95 Corridor • International airport • Large sports/entertainment venues • Tourism • Extreme affluence and poverty • Significant drug trade • High commuter patterns • Large ethnic concentrations • Weak laws against this kind of crime • ADD • red-light district/ The Block • port city and cruise lines • Maryland Live! casino

8. POLARIS PROJECT Source: Polaris Project 2013 Report

9. SHARED HOPE INT’L REPORT CARD Source: Shared Hope International 2012-2013 Report

10. Labor Trafficking Polaris Project, National Institute of Justice, US State Department Types of labor trafficking… “domestic servitude, agriculture, manufacturing, janitorial services, hotel services, construction, health and elder care, hair and nail salons, and strip club dancing” (TIP 2012) • victims of servitude commonly work 10 to 16 hours a day • little to no pay • uses deportation/legal issues as a threat • employer uses force, fraud and/or coercion to maintain control over the worker • cause the worker to believe that s/he has no other choice but to continue with the work • In USA, about 11% of trafficking is for labor

11. Sex trafficking • Sex Tourism • Strip Clubs • Escort Services • Major Sporting Events • Truck stops • Military Bases • Brothels • Fronted Businesses • Social Media/Web • High Schools • Homes • Child Pornography • Child Exploitation and Prostitution • Pimp-controlled prostitution • Sex Tourism Anyone under the age of 18 being used for commercial sex, pornography, erotic dancing, etc. is automatically considered a victim of human trafficking

12. Is it SEMANTICS? PROSTITUTION HUMAN TRAFFICKING Recruiting, harboring, transporting, provisioning, or obtaining of a person age 18 or older for labor or services, through the use of force, fraud, or coercion for the purposes of subjection to involuntary servitude, peonage, debt bondage, or slavery In other words… If someone is forced, deceived, or threatened into providing labor or services (by at 3rd party) and/or does not retain (all or part) of the benefit of that transaction “If the person can’t walk away without fear of harm, it’s trafficking” --Mira Sorvino, UN Ambassador on Human Trafficking, 2013 The performance of sexual contact, a sexual act or vaginal intercourse in exchange for a fee or other payment. In other words If someone willingly sells his/her own body in exchange for something of value (money, drugs, shelter), and retains the benefit of that transaction

13. WHO ARE TRAFFICKERS? “Slave Master” “Pimp” “Daddy” Photo by sokolovsky/Shutterstock.com

14. Arrested for trafficking

15. Arrested in Maryland Arrested in Easton-- 2013 Arrested in Linthicum-- 2011 Arrested in Anne Arundel County—2 012 Baltimore City Police officer and his teenage wife face human trafficking charges-- 2013 Calvert County Correctional Officer arrested for trafficking inmates-- 2014 Tattoo of Julio Cesar Revolorio Ramos of Adelphi for domestic minor sex trafficking in MS-13 gang-- 2012 Arrested in Howard County-- 2014 Jermaine Jack recruited girls in Las Vegas and trafficked them to Montgomery County-- 2013 Di Zhang arrested for operated a brothel in a suburban home on Joppa Road and trafficking women. Charged in 2008, 2013 Trafficked a mentally challenged female in Dorchester County in exchange for drugs-- 2012

16. Traffickers • “Fewer than 1% of traffickers ever see the inside of a courtroom... and profit margins trump the drug trade.” –Luis CDeBaca, US State Department Ambassador-at-Large, Office to Monitor and Combat Trafficking in Persons • “It’s much less risky than drug or arms dealing. They don’t get caught, they don’t get punished.” –Mira Sorvino, Actress, UN Ambassador-at-Large

17. WHO ARE BUYERS? “John” “Trick” “Date” “One of the most interesting findings was that many believed men would "need" to rape if they could not pay for sex on demand. One told me, "Sometimes you might rape someone: you can go to a prostitute instead.”Men Who Buy Sex 2010

18. WHO BUYS SEX? • “Ordinary or Peculiar Men?” (Monto and Milrod) 2013 • 14% of men in US report having ever paid for sex, and only 1% report having done so during the previous year • Men who report military service slightly more likely to report paying in previous year and much more likely to have paid in lifetime • “National customers, arrested offenders, internet hobbyists” • Arrested offenders disproportionately younger and unmarried. Baltimore City Police officer arrested, others, for solicitation Source: Monto, Martin and Milrod, Christine Ordinary or Peculiar Men? Comparing the Customers of Prostitution with a Nationally Representative Sample of Men Int J Offender Ther Comp Criminol published online 22 March 2013 X(XX) 1-19

19. Other Statistics • Men Who Buy Sex via Eaves and POPPY Project (Study of UK men) • Age 18-29: 30% • Age 30-40: 36% • Age 41-70: 33% • 27% reported using internet to locate women • Majority 96% bought sex indoors • Brothels 60% • Private “apartment brothels” 55% • Massage Parlors 47% • Escort Services 33% and other • 21% of interviewed reported military service • 26% of these men bought prostitution during time in servivce Survey: Men Who Buy Sex, Melissa Farley, Julie Bindel, Jacqueline M Goulding, December 2009. Eaves, London and Prostitution Research and Education, San Francisco

20. “...more adult and child U.S. citizens are found in sex trafficking than in labor trafficking.63 Research indicates that most of the victims of sex trafficking into and within the United States are women and children.” Congressional Research Service,Trafficking in Persons: US Policy and Issues for Congress p.15 (Citing TIP2010 report) WHO ARE THE VICTIMS?

21. Foreign vs Domestic victims • As many as 17,500 people are trafficked into the USA every year (2004 DoJ, DoS, et al.) • More foreign victims are found in labor trafficking than in sex trafficking. (TIP 2010) • More adult and child U.S. citizens are found in sex trafficking than in labor trafficking. (State Dept 2008) • Majority of trafficked persons are women (UNDOC 2012) 27% of victims globally are children Sources: 2004 JoJ, DoS, et al.; Trafficking in Persons Report 2010; State Department Report 2008; UNDOC Report 2012

22. Foreign vs Domestic victims No data exists on number of children in USA who are victims of sex trafficking

23. Foreign vs domestic victims THIS IS A BAD STUDY: Various locations, inconsistent time periods, conducted via interviews (only victims that were readily identifiable) Is this the best we can do? Source: Shared Hope International

24. WHO ARE “TARGETS”: Sex Trafficking • Target age for recruitment in the U.S: 11-13 • Targets: runaways, throw-aways, walk-aways, foster, kids estranged from a protective social network, • Don’t immediately identify as a victim • Abused, isolated, looking for love • On average a runaway will be approached by a pimp within 24-36 hours! • Vulnerable populations: poverty, language, ethnicity (Native), opportunity Sources: Dept. of State; Polaris Project; National Center on Family Homelessness; World Childhood Foundation;

25. Victims in Maryland • These girls are from every kind of background: • economically • racially • ethnically • from good families and not from good families • often sex abuse at home Source: Abell 2013 January Report; Photos from In Plain Sight Documentary: Baltimore

26. What Happens to these Girls?

27. What Happens to these Girls?

28. Their Fate • The average age of death for a prostituted woman is 34 due to homicide (19%), drug ingestion (18%), accidents (12%)… • The life expectancy of a prostituted child from initial trafficking is 7 years. • Prostituted persons suffer a “workplace homicide rate”51 times higher than that of the next most dangerous occupation: working in a liquor store1. • Researchers and service providers consistently find high levels of Dissociative Identity Disorder, PTSD, depression, suicidal ideation, OCD, and other psychological problems among prostituted persons. Sources: American Journal of Epidemiology, FBI, USDHHS

29. Methodologies

30. Basic process • Identify the need of the child • Fulfill the need • Remove any other sources of need fulfillment  • Exploit the child’s dependence for need fulfillment by forcing them into prostitution Source: Shared Hope International

31. TRAFFICKING IS A PROCESS Controlling where she eats, what she wears. who she talks to, when and where she sleeps, etc. Forcing drugs or alcohol Beating/torturing so she is reliant on the pimp for “safety” Identifying and beginning to “seduce, coerce, lie, deceive” to get her to believe the Recruiter Becoming her “boyfriend”, abduction, or coerced recruitment Physically moving her to another location where she is less able to run or seek help Her disorientation encourages dependency on the pimp Gradually pulling her away from her social network Holding her captive against her will. Torture, beating, seclusion, humiliation, breaking her spirit Actually selling her to customers, to a brothel, or pimp

32. THE INTERNET • #1 way that recruiters are finding victim prospects.. and their friends • “Friend” connections are automated, not discerned • Case study: Craigslist Source: Journal of High Technology Law

33. THE BOYFRIEND METHOD • Works schools, clubs, parties • Identifies the “vulnerable” girls and preys on their dreams & desires • Promises romance, fantasy, excitement, money • Pretends to love you, care for you, provide for you It’s all LIES… An international trafficker, featured in the film Not My Life, describes how he began exploiting young girls before he was sentenced to ten years in prison. Source: Shared Hope International, FBI

34. THE BOTTOM GIRL • Works the schools, malls, arcades, movie theatres—wherever girls hang out • Pretends to be your friend • Lies about what her boyfriend (or his friends) will do for you • Lies about the gifts, money, fame Her job is to recruit and discipline Source: FBI, Shared Hope International

35. DREAM STEALERS • Works malls, schools, newspaper ads, Facebook, --anywhere youth can be found • Preys on dreams of fortune, fame, family, independence, love • Reported occurrences of “the modeling ploy” in Columbia, Security, Montgomery, Anne Arundel, and White Marsh malls

36. Hotels and Trafficking • Authorities say much of the contact takes place in mid to high price hotels, which seem safer to prospective customers. • Hotels don’t want to start profiling girls because it comes as an expense to them. “Do the hotels know? they know, of course they know... but they’re profiting from it.” – Montgomery County Police Sgt. Ken Penrod Shkoyia Lomack, 19, charged with human trafficking and prostitution using hotels in Linthicum

37. WHAT YOU CAN DO Promote AWARENESS • Take the www.slaveryfootprint.org test – and make changes in your own lifestyle • Host a human trafficking awareness program in your workplace, home, school, church • Develop culturally-sensitive awareness materials/programs REDUCE victimization • Hold businesses and industries responsible to self-police • Host prevention programs for youth • Shop Fair Trade – and tell others! • If you see something, SAY something ADVOCATE for change • Become aware of the laws at the county and state level and voice your concern • Financially support local anti-trafficking and victim care agencies

38. caring for survivors • Long-term residential and therapeutic program for victims of human trafficking • Located in SW Baltimore on 23-acre estate • 14-bed capacity, serving adult females, domestic and international • Program is 2+ years, investing in a woman Academically, Vocationally, Spiritually, Socially and in Self-Care • First intake: late 2011

39. The Samaritan women Our program is based on these five domain areas and includes:  trauma-informed individual and group counseling  personal development planning and case management  sobriety management, financial literacy, self-care, relational healing  academic advising and testing; GED tutoring  vocational training in culinary arts, entrepreneurship, job skills  spiritual disciplines, pastoral counseling, and worship  cultural, recreational, and enrichment activities  farm work and community service Length of stay: initial 90 day blackout; stay up to 2 years

40. take action We are always looking for volunteers, interns, event partners, and forums to spread awareness of the issue of human trafficking. THE SAMARITAN WOMEN: work on the farm, in the residence, provide workshops/tutoring, plan events (volunteer and internships) Contact Amanda Grant at agrant@thesamaritanwomen.org THE MARYLAND COALITION: academic research, projects, resource procurement, and community organizing (volunteer and internships) Contact Danielle Lohan at dlohan@marylandcoalition.org

41. If you see something, say something! National Human Trafficking Hotline 888-3737-888 “Our #1 source of tips on human trafficking cases come from Good Samaritans” – Former Department of Homeland Security Secretary Janet Napolitano

42. THANK YOU THE MARYLAND RESCUE AND RESTORE COALITIONWWW.MARYLANDCOALITION.ORG