Keywords: High School, PBIS Foundations, Urban Implementation

1. C8 - PBIS as a Foundational Framework for Implementing School Law Enforcement ProgramsBrenda Scheuermann, Ph.D. Keywords: High School, PBIS Foundations, Urban Implementation

2. Objectives • Describe common problems associated with school police programs • Describe how features of universal PBIS are being used as a framework to structure school policing programs in secondary schools • Describe exemplary activities and practices from secondary schools that are implementing the framework.

4. School Resource Officers • Sworn law enforcement officers with arrest authority • Have specialized training • Assigned to school site full-time • NASRO - SROs have three roles: • law enforcement • teaching • mentoring

5. 2015-2016, of all US schools: • 56.5% had one or more security staff • 42.9% had sworn law enforcement officer(s) routinely carrying a firearm • Full-time SROs: • Elementary – 13.4% • Secondary – 45.8% • Formal policies about SRO roles: • Elementary – 50.9% • Secondary – 69.6% NCES, Indicators of School Crime & Safety, 2019 update

6. 1. Describe common problems associated with school police programs

7. Well-structured School Resource Officer (SRO) and School Security Officer (SSO) programs with clear policies, procedures, roles, and responsibilities seem more likely to achieve positive outcomes (Cray & Weiler, 2011).

8. Common Problems • Lack of clearly defined roles • SROs called for discipline matters • Lack of systematic communication between SROs and school administration • Lack of goal-directed planning • Lack of systematic, data-based goal planning and monitoring

9. 2. Describe how features of universal PBIS have been used as a framework to structure school policing programs in secondary schools

10. PBIS: Tiered Logic Model • Individualized behavior assessment • Multi-disciplinary planning • Wrap-around services Tier 3: Tertiary A FEW Tier 2: Targeted SOME • More frequent reminders • More frequent feedback • Additional instruction • Mentors Tier 1: Universal ALL • Clear, consistent expectations • Teach expected behaviors • Acknowledge • Effective responses for misbehavior • Engaging classroom instruction

11. PBIS: Organizational practices

12. A RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL OFA COMPREHENSIVE, RESEARCH-BASED FRAMEWORK FOR IMPLEMENTING SCHOOL-BASED LAW ENFORCEMENT PROGRAMS • National Institutes of Justice, Office of Justice Programs, U.S. Department of Justice Award 2016-CK-BX-0003 • Project purpose: To evaluate a PBIS-based framework for school policing The opinions, findings, conclusions, and recommendations expressed are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect those of the Department of Justice.

13. Research Team

14. Project Organization • 6 school districts in central Texas • Large and small schools • Suburban and rural districts • 26 secondary schools • Random assignment to treatment or control groups • Treatment schools – support for framework implementation • Control schools – business as usual • Assessing impact across multiple variables

15. Framework Components

16. Program Planning Select Committee and Liaison Set Goals, Measures Program Maintenance Officer and Staff Training Analysis and Review Data Collection

17. 3. Describe exemplary activities and practices from secondary schools that are implementing the framework.

18. Framework Components

19. Training, Coaching, and Support

20. Training

21. Training, continued

22. Coaching

23. Support

24. Representative Teams

26. Measurable, Data - Based Goals

27. Most Common Campus Goals • Law-breaking behaviors • e-cigarettes, drugs • thefts • Rule-breaking behaviors • using locked doors and unauthorized access • students in hallways during class • Perceptions of SRO • by students, teachers, parents, community • Campus security

28. Data: Goals: Improve students’ perceptions of the SRO by 10% by the end of the 2018/2019 school year. Student perceptions survey: For all grade levels, survey of students taking social studies classes (fall and spring) Decrease alcohol and drug offenses among students by 20 percent by end of school 2018-19 school year from previous school year. Texas (PEIMS) Discipline Data

29. Decrease thefts across the entire campus by 10% by the end of the school year (2018/19) Student reports of theft • Decrease the number of unlocked lockers by 50% by the end of the 2018/2019 school year. Number of unlocked lockers during random checks by athletic coaches, SRO, and administration.

30. Activities to Achieve Goals

31. Activities to achieve goals

32. Data-Driven Decisions

33. Project Data School Data Student surveys State-reported discipline data Internal surveys Other goal-specific data

34. Bullying and Victimization Student Surveys Delinquency • Spring survey of three classes over three project years • 6th graders • 8th graders • 10th graders • 5 categories, 1 – 8 items each • Students respond according to a five-point scale, "0 times" to"4 or more times" Caring Relationships Rule Clarity School Bonding and Safety

35. Officer Encounters Officers report meaningful encounters during 2 one-week periods in spring

36. Our evaluation

37. The next few slides display a few snapshots from the officer encounter data Think about implications of these data for PBIS ?

40. *percentages do not total 100% as officers were able to select more than one option

41. Come to tomorrow’s presentation by Dr. Fronius and Officer Lozano! 9:30 – 10:45 Session D-8 Protection Through Prevention: The Role of School Resource Officers Within a PBIS Framework

42. Next steps

43. Successes so far

44. Challenges

45. How to use this approach in your own district or school

46. For more information about PBIS, or PBIS applied in alternative settings • Brenda@txstate.edu • PBIS.org

47. ? ? ? ? Comments or questions? ? ?

48. Miami, FL Hyatt Regency Miami March 11-14, 2020 For more information, visit: conference.apbs.org

49. For more information: Brenda Scheuermann Brenda@txstate.edu