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. DISCRIMINATION BETWEEN SELF AND NON-SELF, RESPONDS ONLY TO FOREIGN MATERIALDIVERSITY SPECIFIC ANTIBODIES WHICH RECOGNIZE TRILLIONS OF SPECIFIC, DIFFERENT STRUCTURESSPECIFICITY IMMUNITY DIRECTED AT ONE UNIQUE PATHOGENMEMORY RESPONDS QUICKLY TO RE-EXPOSURE. . HUMORAL IMMUNITY
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1. ACQUIRED – SPECIFIC – ADAPTIVE IMMUNITY DUAL SYSTEM:
HUMORAL ANTIBODIES – SOLUBLE PROTEINS IN BLOOD, MUCUS, MILK, SALIVA, LYMPH
CELL MEDIATED IMMUNITY – IMMUNE CELLS SEEK OUT AND DESTROY HUMAN CELLS EXPRESSING FOREIGN ANTIGENS
2. DISCRIMINATION BETWEEN SELF AND NON-SELF, RESPONDS ONLY TO FOREIGN MATERIAL
DIVERSITY – SPECIFIC ANTIBODIES WHICH RECOGNIZE TRILLIONS OF SPECIFIC, DIFFERENT STRUCTURES
SPECIFICITY – IMMUNITY DIRECTED AT ONE UNIQUE PATHOGEN
MEMORY – RESPONDS QUICKLY TO RE-EXPOSURE
3. HUMORAL IMMUNITY CELL-MEDIATED IMMUNITY
CIRCULATING, SOLUBLE CELLS WHICH SPECIFICALLY
PROTEINS, ANTIBODIES ATTACK HOST CELLS INFECTED
(GAMMA GLOBULINS) SOME VIRUSES OR FUNGI
REACT WITH BACTERIA, AND TUMOR CELLS
SOME VIRUSES, TOXINS
B LYMPHOCYTE DEFICIENCY T LYMPHOCYTE DEFICIENCY
AGAMMAGLOBULINEMIA DiGEORGE SYNDROME
BACTERIAL INFECTIONS VIRAL INFECTIONS
SCID –SEVERE COMBINED IMMUNODEFICIENCY DISEASE
B AND T LYMPHOCYTE DEFICIENCY
LETHAL
6. CLONAL SELECTION NAĎVE LYMPHOCYTE POPULATION CONTAINS CELLS WITH POTENTIAL TO RESPOND TO ALL IMAGINABLE ANTIGENS
INTRODUCING A SPECIFIC ANTIGEN STIMULATES SPECIFIC LYMPHOCYTES WHICH CAN RESPOND TO THAT ANTIGEN TO:
PROLIFERATE & PRODUCE A HUGE POPULATION OF THEMSELVLES WHICH
SYNTHESIZE SOLUBLE ANTIBODIES - HUMORAL
OR ACT AS CYTOTOXIC CELLS – CELL MEDIATED IMMUNITY
8. HUMORAL IMMUNITY ANTIGENS - CAUSE ANTIBODY SYNTHESIS AND CELL- MEDIATED RESPONSE
FOREIGN –
HIGH MOLECULAR WEIGHT >10,000
DEGRADABLE BY HOST
10. ANTIBODIES 1. SOLUBLE PROTEINS RECOGNIZE AND BIND SPECIFICALLY ANTIGENS (ANTIGENIC DETERMINANTS)
2. CIRCULATE IN BLOOD, LYMPH, PRESENT IN MUCUS,
TEARS, SALIVA, MOTHER’S MILK
3. SYNTHESIZED IN RESPONSE TO FOREIGN ANTIGEN
4. REACTION WITH PATHOGEN PROVIDES SPECIFIC IMMUNITY
BACTERIAL CELLS – BORDETELLA PERTUSSIS (WHOOPING COUGH) INCREASED PHAGOCYTOSIS EFFICIENCY
NON-ENVELOPED VIRUS – POLIO –VIRUS NEUTRALIZATION (INACTIVATION)
TOXINS – CLOSTRIDIUM TETANI TOXIN - INACTIVATION
12. B CELL ACTIVATION B CELL RECEPTORS – IMMUNOGLOBULIN – IgM SPECIFIC FOR ONE ANTIGENIC DETERMINANT
CO-RECEPTOR (Ig ALPHA, IgBETA)
THIS CELL CAN RESPOND ONLY TO THE ANTIGEN BOUND BY THE RECEPTOR
BINDING – SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION ACTIVATES THAT B CELL
10E13 NAĎVE B CELLS/BODY
STIMULATES PROLIFERATION OF THAT CELL PRODUCING HUGE POPULATION OF B CELLS OF THAT SPECIFICITY
DIFFERENTIATE – PLASMA CELLS, PRODUCE ANTIBODY
OR BECOME MEMORY CELLS
16. HUMORAL RESPONSE SUMMARY
ANTIGEN PRESENTING CELL (MACROPHAGE, DENDRITIC CELL)
PROCESSES FOREIGN MATERIAL, PRESENTS EPITOPES BOUND TO MAJOR HISTOCOMPATIBILITY COMPLEX II
T HELPER CELL – 0 -
RECEPTOR – IMMUNOGLOBULIN SPECIFIC FOR EPITOPE
CD4 CO-RECEPTOR
BECOMES T HELPER 2
SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION – T CELL LYMPHOKINES
B CELL – RECEPTOR FOR THAT EPITOPE BINDS
PROLIFERATES, DIFFERENTIATES, BECOMES:
PLASMA CELL – SECRETES ANTIBODIES
MEMORY CELL –RESPONDS TO SUBSEQUENT STIMULUS
20. ANTIBODY DIVERSITY HOW CAN A PERSON SYNTHESIZE 10e13 DIFFERENT ANTIBODIES?
REARRANGEMENT OF ANTIBODY GENE SEGMENTS IN PRECURSORS OF B CELLS – COMBINATORIAL JOINING
GENE SPLICING
IMMUNOGLOBULIN GENE FRAGMENTS ON SAME CHROMOSOME
GENERATING DIFFERENT CODONS DURING GENE SPLICING
SOMATIC MUTATIONS
21. IMMUNOGLOBULIN GENE SPLICING LIGHT CHAINS: MANY V, J, AND C REGIONS IN PRECURSOR B CELLS
RECOMBINATION BY SPECIFIC ENZYMES SPLICES OUT VARIOUS REGIONS, JOINING ONE V, ONE J, AND ONE C REGION IN DEVELOPING B CELLS IN BONE MARROW
HEAVY CHAINS: MANY V, D, J, AND C REGIONS IN PRECURSORS
COMBINATORIAL JOINING
PRE-M RNA SPLICING
22. SPLICING SITE VARIABILITY SPLICING DNA OCCURS WITHIN CODONS GENERATES DIFFERENT CODONS
CCTCCC + TGGTGG > CCG TGG
PRO TRYP
> CCT CGG
PRO ARG
23. SOMATIC MUTATIONS ANTIGENIC STIMULUS DURING
B CELL DEVELOPMENT
STIMULATES MUTATIONS WITHIN THE V REGIONS