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Hiragana Rules: - Long vowels - Double consonants - Traditional sounds - Particles. Long Vowels. aa or ā Represented by adding あ o ka a san = おか あ さん o k ā san = お か あ さん. ii or ī Represented by adding い oni i san = おに い さん o n ī san = おに い さん. ee or ē
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Hiragana Rules: - Long vowels- Double consonants- Traditional sounds- Particles
Long Vowels • aa or ā • Represented by adding あ okaasan = おかあさん okāsan = おかあさん
ii or ī • Represented by adding い oniisan = おにいさん onīsan = おにいさん
ee or ē • Represented by adding え oneesan = おねえさん onēsan = おねえさん
oo or ou or ō • Usually represented by adding う kyoo = きょう kyou= きょう kyō= きょう
uu or ū • Represented by addingう chuugoku = ちゅうごく chūgoku = ちゅうごく
TraditionalSOUNDS • oo or ō • Some traditional words written by adding お not う ookii = おおきい ōkii = おおきい
ji or zu are usually represented byじ and ず • Some traditional words use ぢ and づ jisho =じしょ chizakai =ぢざかい (TRAD) chizu = ちず tsuzukeru = つづける (TRAD)
DOUBLEConsonants • kk, pp, ss, and tt are represented by a small っ (NOT big つ) • small っ indicates a small pause so the mouth can prepare for the pronunciation of the next syllable gakkō = がっこう juppun = じゅっぷん zasshi = ざっし kitte = きって
PARTICLES • Particle wa is represented by はnot わ • Particle o is represented by を not お • Particle e is represented by へ not え Mizuo nomimasu. みず を のみます。 Bokuwa Kyōto eikimasu. ぼくは きょうと へ いきます。
かけますか? obāsan (grandmother) ojīsan (grandfather) yūgata (evening) taifū (typhoon) ēto (um) sayōnara (goodbye) dōmoarigatō (thank you) ikko (one small thing) nijuppun (20 minutes) issatsu (one flat item) chotto (a little)
どうでしたか? おばあさん おじいさん ゆうがた たいふう ええと さようなら どうも ありがとう いっこ にじゅっぷん いっさつ ちょっと obāsan (grandmother) ojīsan (grandfather) yūgata (evening) taifū (typhoon) ēto (um) sayōnara (goodbye) dōmoarigatō (thank you) ikko (one small thing) nijuppun (20 minutes) issatsu (one flat item) chotto (a little)