United States History: Early Colonial Period Part 2

1. United States History:Early Colonial PeriodPart 2 Ms. Blank Social Studies Department Miami Arts Charter School

2. Warm-Up: • Name the 3 key European Powers. • Name the 3 colonial regions. • Provide a characteristic unique to each colonial region. • Explain why the Aztec are important U.S. History.

3. Warm-Up: Answers • Name the 3 key European Powers. • Spain • France • England • Name the 3 colonial regions. • New England • Middle • Southern • Provide a characteristic unique to each colonial region. • Explain why the Aztec are important U.S. History. • The Aztec were important to U.S. History because they made it so easy for the Spanish to conquer the New World. Due to the fact that they conquered most other tribes in central America, the Spanish were able to move to North America quickly.

4. Early Colonization1565 - 1700

5. Review: 3 Colonial Regions • New England Colonies • CT, RI, MA, NH • Middle Colonies • NJ, PA, NY, DE, MD • Southern Colonies • NC, SC, GA, VA

6. Review: Basic Info about the Colonial Regions • New England • Mostly Puritan • Ship building & trade were key economic activities • HARSH winters • Long life expectancy • Middle Colonies • Religions varied • Economic activities were a mix of the other 2 regions • Malaria was rough on these colonists • Life expectancy not so hot • Southern Colonies • Protestant (Church of England) • Cash crops = key economic activity • Lovely weather usually, but kind of hot at times • Life expectancy for plantation owners = Pretty solid • Life expectancy for slaves = really bad

7. New England Colonies

8. Plymouth & MA Bay: • Pilgrims: 2 types • Separatists • Only “visible saints” should be admitted to church • Church of England let everyone in • Only option: separate completely & start own church • Puritans • Church of England needed to be purified … impatient with slow process in England so they came to the New World • Came for religious freedom – for THEMSELVES • Calvinism • Specific denomination of Protestantism that believed the following: • Predestination • Good works could not save those predestined for hell. • No one could be certain of their spiritual status. • Gnawing doubts led to constantly seeking signs of “conversion.”

9. Plymouth & MA Bay: • Social/Cultural Life: • Life revolved around the church • Lead minister controlled the colony • Major decisions made in the church & made for the sake of the church • Covenant of Grace • Social Covenant • Patriarchal system • Long life expectancy (70 years) • Strong nuclear & extended families • Ave. = 6 kids per family • Key People: • William Bradford: Original Leader of the Colony • John Winthrop: Leader of the Colony • Anne Hutchinson: Rebel • Roger Williams: Rebel

10. John Winthrop: • 1st governor of Massachusetts • Wrote A Modell of Christian Charity • Very important work • Symbolized all things Puritan • Believed he had a calling from God to lead MA • Maintained social & political stability through religious uniformity

11. Warm-Up: • Why was John Winthrop historically significant? • Explain the social covenant. • Explain the historical significance of the Protestant Reformation. Remember to link it directly to U.S. History

12. Warm-Up: • Why was John Winthrop historically significant? • He wrote “A Modell of Christian Charity” which was a very important historical document • He maintained social and political order in Massachusetts through religious unity • Explain the social covenant. • The agreement between the members of the Puritan Colony that involved each member agreeing to live a holy life based on the bible and promising to hold others accountable for bad deeds • Explain the historical significance of the Protestant Reformation. Remember to link it directly to U.S. History • Caused significant religious upheaval in England which delayed exploration and caused Spain and England to vie for power because 1 was protestant & the other was catholic

13. Anne Hutchinson: • Strong-willed & intelligent women (uh-oh) • This was not encouraged in Puritan society • Taught Sunday School & Religious Instruction to women • Taught them to think for themselves • Encouraged women to be involved in religious discussions • Threatened Patriarchal control with Direct Revelation • Antinomianism • Put on trial and banished from MA Bay upon conviction • I wonder what happened at her trial? That information might be important …

14. Warm-Up: • Explain why Anne Hutchinson was put on trial and exiled from Massachusetts. • Provide the correct cash crop for the following colonies: • Virginia • North Carolina • Explain the significance of the Columbian Exchange.

15. Warm-Up: • Explain why Anne Hutchinson was put on trial and exiled from Massachusetts. • She challenged male authority, she challenged John Winthrop directly, she contradicted Puritan doctrine, and she taught new doctrine • Provide the correct cash crop for the following colonies: • Virginia: Tobacco • North Carolina: Rice • Explain the significance of the Columbian Exchange. • Caused the eradication of the Native American tribes which made conquest of the America’s much easier & faster; also made European countries rich because they were center of trade

16. Roger Williams: • Argued that Winthrop & his followers were hypocrites • I wonder why …. This might be important • Indians should be paid for their land • People should have freedom of religion • 1635: banished from MA Bay • 1636: Founded Rhode Island

17. Rhode Island: • Founded in 1636 • Most liberal of all colonies • Religious freedom for all • Great relationship with Indians while Williams was alive • Universal male suffrage (this was restricted later) • Freedom of opportunity for all

18. Colonizing New England

19. New England Spreads Out

20. New England Colonies, 1650

21. Major Wars with the Indians: • Pequot War (1636 – 1637) • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7gXvUPqLEug • http://www.colonialwarsct.org/1637.htm • King Philip’s War (1675 – 1676) • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_DCFIJ26EaI • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7GMV0OQjGsM

22. Middle Colonies

23. Social/Cultural Life: • Key People: • William Penn • Lord Baltimore • Types of settlers: • Young, single men • Indentured servants • Slaves • Social/ Cultural: • Strong merchant class • Developing slave class • Mix of New England & Southern characteristics • Mix of different races, ethnicities, & nationalities • Freedom of religion common • Dutch were a BFD until the 1660’s • Economic • Trade • Cash crops

24. New York: • Originally belonged to the Dutch (known as New Amsterdam) • Acquired by the English in 1664 & renamed New York • Aristocratic • If you do not know what this means, please look it up • Cosmopolitan • Excellent harbor (great for shipping & trade) • Run like a corporation (no freedom)

25. Pennsylvania: • Founded by William Penn • Religious sanctuary for Quakers but all faiths were welcome • Gave land to whoever made it to PA • Bought land from the Indians • Quakers + Indians = Friends • Quakers + Indians + Non-Quaker Europeans = Bad Times! • The other Europeans ruined a good thing by treating the Indians poorly

26. Maryland: • Founded by Lord Baltimore • Refuge for persecuted Catholics • All faiths were welcome and could hold public office • Lots of indentured servants at first, later slave labor became the focus • Main industry was agriculture, like VA its cash crop was tobacco (wheat & corn also important)

27. Southern Colonies

28. Social/Cultural Life: • Types of settlers: • Initially: business men, small farmers & a few slaves • Later, aristocratic landowners & slaves • Social/Cultural: • Religious toleration (at first & only in some areas of the south) • Primarily protestant, but not Puritan • Concerned with making money • Economic: • Agriculture primary economic activity

29. Virginia: • The Virginia Company (1607) • Joint-stock company …. This is important, better look it up! • Founded & funded Jamestown • Tobacco and cash crops ( starts in 1612) • Cash crops were big in the South, Tobacco was the big one for VA • House of Burgesses (first meeting, 1619) • 1st representative assembly in the United States • http://www.nps.gov/jame/historyculture/the-first-legislative-assembly.htm • Bacon’s Rebellion (1676) • Nathanial Bacon Challenged the authority of the Royal Governor • Largest & most significant rebellion in the colonies until the revolution

30. Virginia: • Dominated by white, aristocratic, Church of England plantation owners • Very rigid religious beliefs • Jamestown: Cool sites! • http://www.virtualjamestown.org/page2.html • http://apva.org/rediscovery/page.php?page_id=25 • http://www.apva.org/history/

31. The Carolinas • Practiced religious toleration (more so than other Southern colonies) • RICE was the major cash crop • Suffered from Spanish border raids (Spain controlled FL)

32. Georgia: • Founded by John Oglethorpe • Formed to be a buffer from Spain & France …. England wanted to protect the Carolinas • Originally …. Georgians did not want slavery (it made it there by 1750) • Religious toleration for everyone … except Catholics

33. Key events!

34. Dominion of New England: • 1685 – 1688 • Sir Edmond Andros • New England turned into a military dictatorship • Dominion ended with Glorious Revolution of William & Mary

35. Navigation Acts:

36. The Middle Passage & Triangular Trade: • Check out these websites to learn about this: • http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/aia/part1/1p277.html • http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/aia/part1/1narr4.html • These videos are very informative: • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TBV9fgJvsmo • Triangular trade refers to the process of trade between Europe, the Americas, and Africa. Each side got something it wanted in exchange for something else that another trading partner wanted. Keep in mind that the Europeans controlled trade in the Americas. • Cool site for Triangular Trade: • http://www.eduplace.com/kids/socsci/books/applications/imaps/maps/g5s_u3/

37. Slave Codes: • Site with good info: • http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/aia/part1/1p268.html • Excerpts from Virginia Slave Codes in the 1660’s • http://www.swarthmore.edu/SocSci/bdorsey1/41docs/24-sla.html

38. Salem Witch Trials: • Check out this super cool site! Tons of good stuff! • http://law2.umkc.edu/faculty/projects/ftrials/salem/salem.htm • Good overview of the event • http://www.smithsonianmag.com/history-archaeology/brief-salem.html

39. The 1st Great Awakening: • Great info on this event! • http://nationalhumanitiescenter.org/tserve/eighteen/ekeyinfo/grawaken.htm • http://www.revival-library.org/pensketches/revivals/1st_edwards.html

40. The Enlightenment: • We will talk about this in class! • I’m too excited to put it in a power point, I have to tell you about in person!!!   

41. What was it? • Progressive, Rationalistic, Humanistic worldview • Emerged out of the Scientific Revolution and culminated in the French Revolution • Spokesmen = Rising Middle Class • Paris = Center of Enlightenment • Optimism about mankind’s abilities

42. Key Ideas • Distrust of Tradition and Revealed Religion • Scientific method could be applied to society as well • Society can get better as risks are taken • Man is naturally good • Good life is on earth

43. The Philosophes • 18th century French intellectuals • Interest in addressing a broad audience • Committed to reform • Celebrated the scientific revolution • The “Mystique of Newton” • Science applied to society

44. The Role of the Salon • Protection and encouragement offered by French aristocratic women in their private drawing rooms • Feminine influence on the Enlightenment • Madame Geoffrin

45. That’s it for now! Part III will be along shortly!