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Module 5.1.6

Module 5.1.6. The Role and Impact of ICT: Legal, Moral and Social Issues. Rationale and Responsibility. The details given in the following slides are points for consideration.

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Module 5.1.6

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  1. Module 5.1.6 The Role and Impact of ICT: Legal, Moral and Social Issues

  2. Rationale and Responsibility • The details given in the following slides are points for consideration. • On many occasions, a point has been made, but the advantages and disadvantages of the point have not been covered. This is intended to lead to discussion. • Questions asked are likely to be set within the context of a scenario and answers must be relevant to the scenario. • As the world of ICT moves quickly, it is YOUR responsibility to keep up with new innovations, etc.

  3. Basis of Module 5.1.6 • This module is a discussion module. • A discussion is an extension of an explain-type answer but the candidate also has to include a relevant conclusion. • The answers expected include a discussion of both the advantages and disadvantages. • It is therefore necessary to have a wide knowledge of the subject area and have an opinion.

  4. Impact of ICT on Organisations • Change in organisational structure • Increased technical departments • Importance of support network for machines • Reduced number of employees • Automation • Increased technical services • Less office space/shop floor space • Equipment is not compact • Air conditioning

  5. Impact of ICT on Organisations • Reliance on Computers • Decrease of downtime • Changeover • Training of staff • Changeover of data • Effect on customers during changeover period • Increase in employees? • Network managers • Technicians, etc.

  6. How communication systems have changed our use of ICT - Travel • Video conferencing • Advantages • Cost of travel • Cost of Time • Multiple people in a conversation • Complete accurate record of conference • Exchange of ideas • Disadvantages • No face to face confrontation • Body language is limited • Time differences

  7. How communication systems have changed our use of ICT - Privacy • Transmission of information worldwide • Advantages • Use of Encryption • Circuit switching v packet switching for mail delivery • Personal Privacy implemented – personal life, financial • Disadvantages • Employees misusing facilities • Governments and terrorism/crime • Tapping into signal

  8. How communication systems have changed our use of ICT • Communication skills • Spelling in E-mails “r u ok” • Verbal skills have less emphasis – more e-mail • Body language not needed- e-mail and video conferencing • Social skills limited as not required in on-line • Incorporation into everyday tasks and devices • “Internet fridge” – linked to on-line ordering • Transfer of data via shoes • WAP phones, TVs e-mail phones, etc. • Use of networks/collaborative working • Send e-mails of work anywhere in the world and receive replies • Sharing of ideas – Human Genome Project • Use of internet for finding data – resources for research

  9. Social Impact of ICT on Individuals • Eroding work/social boundaries through teleworking • The facility to shop from home on the Internet • Job satisfaction • Ease of tasks • Benefits to the disabled and elderly

  10. Social Impact of ICT on Individuals • Shopping • Advantages • Home deliveries • Availability of choice / size • No national boundaries • Disadvantages • Problems returning • May not get required item, but a replacement • Cannot check quality • Dangers of fraud • Unemployment – small shops

  11. Social Impact of ICT on Individuals • Teleworking • Advantages • Less pollution – traffic • Flexible working hours • Less money spent on child minders • More time to spend with family • No pressure of boss looking over shoulder • Disadvantages • Less control over workforce • No social aspects of work • Less reliability over deadlines • Geographical diversity of employees

  12. Social Impact of ICT on Individuals • Benefits to the disabled and elderly • Advantages • Specifically designed hardware (e.g. puff-suck switch, foot mouse, etc) • No difference when on-line between one person and the next • Time for use (during the day) • Disadvantages • Increased use clogging bandwidth • More discerning in spending of money – less profit

  13. Social Implications of Computers • Changing Employment Locations • Use of communication technology leads to geographically remote employees • Teleworking increasing • Drawbacks of ICT • Amount of personal data stored on computer • Increased opportunity for criminal activities • Time wasting – games, on-line, addiction • Health Problems – RSI, Carpal Tunnel Syndrome • Dependence on Computers • Social Dependence on chat rooms, e-mail etc. • Power failure and consequences • Virus and computer security • Retraining of Individuals

  14. Impact of ICT on Society • Home • Education • Medicine • Commerce with reliance on automated systems such as ATMs

  15. Impact of ICT on Society • Home • Gadgets – Washing Machine, Microwaves, etc • Control and protection of environment • Alarms, Ventilation, Heating • Control of finances via internet • Order food and goods without leaving the house • Education • Computer Aided Learning (CAL) • Instant Feedback • Learning at the students pace • Re-cover ground not understood • Distance Learning via technology • E-mail work • Video Conferencing • Computer Based Training • Video • Simulators

  16. Impact of ICT on Society • Medicine • Expert Systems • (MYCIN) to aid diagnosis • Internet Dr Sites • Databases of drugs and side effects • Records of Patients • Use of E-mail to send records from Dr to hospital • Monitoring – Intensive care beds • Production of Prescriptions • Can even be sent to pharmacist

  17. Impact of ICT on Society • Business • Communication • Fax, Tele/Video Conferencing • Storage of Information • Databases, Spreadsheets • Management Information Systems • Commerce • Transactions • Banks – Switch, EFTPOS • Internet and secure shopping • Advertising on the internet • Loyalty Cards and Points • ATMs – replace staff in banks

  18. Impact of ICT on Society • Manufacturing • Computer Aided Design • Simulations, Modelling • Computer Aided Manufacture • Computer Controlled Robots • Greater consistency • Longer working hours • Geographically remote location • No need for windows, lights, etc • Increase in support staff • Decrease in skilled workers

  19. Changing patterns of UK Workforce 1841 - 1978

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