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Nomenclature

Nomenclature. How we name stuff. Ionic or Covalent. If the first element is a metal, ionic Cation: the first, and positive Anion: the second and negative If the first element is a nonmetal, covalent. If the first element is N, check and see if its actually NH 4 , in which case its ionic.

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Nomenclature

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  1. Nomenclature How we name stuff

  2. Ionic or Covalent • If the first element is a metal, ionic • Cation: the first, and positive • Anion: the second and negative • If the first element is a nonmetal, covalent. • If the first element is N, check and see if its actually NH4, in which case its ionic.

  3. Ionic: the cation • If the cation is one of which you know the charge, write its name. • Group 1, Group 2, Ag, Zn, Cd, Al, Ga, In • If the cation is not one of which you know its charge, you must use a Roman numeral to indicate its charge.

  4. Ionic: the anion • If the anion is a nonmetal, write its name with an –ide ending. • If the anion is a polyatomic anion, write its name.

  5. Examples • NaCl • NH4Cl • CaCl2 • CuCl2 • NaNO3 • NaOH • Ca(OH)2

  6. Solutions • NaCl sodium chloride • NH4Cl ammonium chloride • CaCl2 Calcium Chloride • CuCl2 Copper II chloride or cupric chloride • NaNO3 sodium nitrate • NaOH sodium hydroxide • Ca(OH)2 calcium hydroxide

  7. Covalent • Write name of first element. If its subscript is greater than 1, you must use a prefix. If the subscript is one, never use a prefix • Write the name of the second element. Always use a prefix and the –ide ending.

  8. Prefixes • One mono • Two di • Three tri • Four tetra • Five penta • Six hexa • Seven hepta • Eight octa • Nine nona • Ten deca

  9. Examples • CO • CO2 • P2O5

  10. Solutions • CO carbon monoxide • CO2 carbon dioxide • P2O5 diphosphorus pentoxide

  11. Acids • Always H + an anion • If anion contains no oxygen, then follow binary acid rules • If anion contains oxygen (most polyatomic anions), follow oxy acid rules

  12. Binary • Prefix with hydro • Name anion with an –ic suffix • Don’t forget to say acid • Ex. • HCl • H2S • HCN

  13. Oxyacids • If anion ends in -ate, replace with –ic acid • If anion ends in –ite, replace with –ous acid • Examples • H2SO4 • H2CO3 • HNO3 • HNO2

  14. Modification warning • In some cases, the anion name has to be modified. • Ex: H2SO4 the anion name is sulfate, but the acid is sulfuric, not sulfic. You will get used to this by using the names. And phosphate becomes phosphoric.

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