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C)HARD PALATE- HORIZONTAL PLATE OF PALATINE BONES & PALATINE PROCESS OF MAXILLARY BONES

BASE OF CRANIUM FROM EXTERNAL SIDE. HARD PALATE. C)HARD PALATE- HORIZONTAL PLATE OF PALATINE BONES & PALATINE PROCESS OF MAXILLARY BONES B)OCCIPITAL BONE- HAS FORAMEN MAGNUM- SPINAL CORD; OCCIPITALCONDYLES- FOR C1-ATLAS. OCCIPITAL CONDYLE. FORAMEN MAGNUM. INCISIVE FORAMEN. GREATER

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C)HARD PALATE- HORIZONTAL PLATE OF PALATINE BONES & PALATINE PROCESS OF MAXILLARY BONES

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  1. BASE OF CRANIUM FROM EXTERNAL SIDE HARD PALATE C)HARD PALATE-HORIZONTAL PLATE OFPALATINE BONES &PALATINE PROCESS OF MAXILLARY BONES B)OCCIPITAL BONE- HAS FORAMEN MAGNUM- SPINAL CORD; OCCIPITALCONDYLES- FOR C1-ATLAS OCCIPITAL CONDYLE FORAMEN MAGNUM

  2. INCISIVE FORAMEN GREATER PALATINE FORAMEN LESSER PALATINE FORAMEN

  3. 4. BASE OF SKULL - COMPLEX C)HARD PALATE-PALATINE BONES& PALATINE PROCESS OF MAXILLARY BONES A) TEMPORAL BONE- HAS STYLOID PROCESS- MUSCLE ATTACH B) OCCIPITAL BONE- HAS FORAMEN MAGNUM- SPINAL CORD; OCCIPITAL CONDYLES- FOR C1-ATLAS STYLOID PROCESS OCCIPITAL CONDYLE FORAMEN MAGNUM

  4. 1. SPHENOID BONE – ‘CORE’ OF SKULL LATERAL & MEDIAL PTERYGOID PLATES - MUSCLE ATTACH 2)SPINE OF SPHENOID - INFERIOR SIDE ATTACH LIGAMENT

  5. HAMULUS OF MEDIAL PTERYGOID PLATE MEDIAL AND LATERAL PTERYGOID PLATES EXTERNAL AUDITORY MEATUS

  6. CT Horizontal Pterygoid Plate Part 1

  7. SPHENOID BONE-INSIDE SKULL forms parts of all cranial fossae; has: i) Lesser Wing above superior orbital fissure; ii) Greater Wing-below superior orbital fissure extends laterally; iii) Sella Turcica- (turkish saddle) depression above main part (body) LESSER WING OF SPHENOID GREATER WING SELLA TURCICA

  8. GREATER WING OF SPHENOID- LATERAL SIDE OF SKULL

  9. FORAMEN OVALE FORAMEN SPINOSUM

  10. SPINE OF SPHENOID BONE – Ligament attach

  11. BONY PART OF AUDITORY TUBE EXTERNAL AUDITORY MEATUS

  12. MIDDLE EAR TYMPANIC MEMBRANE PHARYNX AUDITORY TUBE (EUSTACHIAN TUBE) EXTERNAL AUDITORY MEATUS

  13. CAROTID CANAL – OPENS TO FORAMEN LACERUM INSIDE MIDDLE CRANIAL FOSSA

  14. OPENING OF CAROTID CANAL (FORAMEN LACERUM) – INTERNAL CAROTID ARTERY, SYMPATHETIC PLEXUS

  15. STYLOID PROCESS MASTOID PROCESS

  16. STYLO- MASTOID FORAMEN – VII

  17. leaves Post. Cranial fossa via Internal Aud. Meatus - enters facial canal VII - FACIAL 1. Greater Petrosal N. GVE parasymp to Lacrimal gland, mucous glands of nose and palate, sens. to Nasopharynx 2. Stapedial N. - SVE motor to stapedius 3. Chorda Tympani SVA taste to ant 2/3 tongue GVE parasymp to submandibular, subling. salivary glands VII

  18. MIDDLE EAR: BOUNDARIES brain Oval window Facial nerve canal MEDIAL WALL OF TYMPANIC CAVITY = LATERAL WALL OF INNER EAR Promontory - cochlea Round window NOSE 5. Medial Wall Oval window (fenestra vestibuli) = attach stapes; Round window (fenestra cochlea) other end of cochlea

  19. VII - FACIAL 4. Posterior Auricular nerve Sensory to outer ear Motor auricular muscles occipitalis, frontalis 5. Motor Branches to Stylohyoid & Post Belly Digastric 6. Motor to muscles of facial expression: Temporal, zygomatic, buccal, mandibular, cervical Post Auricular Stylohyoid & Post Belly Digastric

  20. JUGULAR FORAMEN

  21. HYPO- • GLOSSAL • CANAL • LOOK • UNDER • OCCIPITAL • CONDYLE

  22. NASAL CAVITY SPHENO- PALATINE FORAMEN

  23. PETRO- TYMPANIC` FISSURE

  24. PTERYGO- MAXILLARY FISSURE – LEADS TO PTERYGO- PALATINE FOSSA

  25. POSTERIOR SUPERIOR ALVEOLAR FORAMINA – IN MAXILLARY BONE – CONNECT INFRATEMP. FOSSA TO MAX TEETH POST. SUP.ALV. N., A., V.

  26. PTERYGO- MAXILLARY FISSURE – LEADS TO PTERYGO- PALATINE FOSSA FORAMEN OVALE FORAMEN SPINOSUM

  27. FORAMEN OVALE NOSE FORAMEN SPINOSUM MIDDLE MENINGEAL A. POSTERIOR SUPERIOR ALVEOLAR N. V2 INFERIOR ALVEOLAR N. (V3) LINGUAL N. V3

  28. FORAMINA OF ORBIT FORAMINA- MOST THINGS ENTER ORBIT FROM MIDDLE CRANIAL FOSSA 1) OPTIC CANAL- IN BASE OF LESSER WING OF SPHENOID BONE,CONTAINS OPTIC NERVE & OPHTHALMIC ARTERY 2) SUPERIOR ORBITAL FISSUREBETWEEN GREATER AND LESSER WINGS OF SPHENOID, CONTAINS III, IV, V1, VI, OPTHALMIC VEINS

  29. OPTIC FORAMEN CN II OPTICNERVE, OPHTHALMIC ARTERY

  30. FORAMINA OF ORBIT: OPTIC FORAMEN OPTIC FORAMEN AND CANAL

  31. SUPERIOR ORBITAL FISSURE – CN III, IVV1, VI, OPHTHALMIC VEINS

  32. SUPERIOR ORBITAL FISSURE SUPERIOR ORBITAL FISSURE INFERIOR ORBITAL FISSURE

  33. 1) OPTIC CANAL- IN BASE OF LESSER WING OF SPHENOID BONE,CONTAINS OPTIC NERVE & OPHTHALMIC ARTERY 2) SUPERIOR ORBITAL FISSURE BETWEEN GREATER AND LESSER WINGS OF SPHENOID, CONTAINS III, IV, V1, VI, OPTHALMIC VEINS NOSE

  34. INFERIOR ORBITAL FISSURE 1) INFERIOR ORBITAL FISSURE- SLIT BELOW SUP. ORBITAL FISSURE: BETWEEN SPHENOID & MAXILLARY - CONNECT PTERYGOPALATINE FOSSA AND INFRATEMPORAL FOSSA WITH ORBIT - CONTAINS INFRAORBITAL AND ZYGOMATIC N., A. AND V. (V2, MAXILLARY A.)

  35. BONES OF ORBIT 3. MEDIAL WALL- INCLUDES MAXILLARY, LACRIMAL, ETHMOID, FRONTAL & SPHENOID (NASAL CAVITY IS MEDIAL TO MEDIAL WALL OF ORBIT) FRONTAL SPHENOID ETHMOID LACRIMAL MAXILLARY NOSE

  36. ANTERIOR AND POSTERIOR ETHMOIDAL FORAMINA 2) ANT. & POST. ETHMOIDAL FORAMINA- BETWEEN ETHMOID & FRONTAL BONES -CONNECT ORBIT & NASAL CAVITIES -CONTAIN ANT & POST ETHMOIDAL N., A. & V. (V1 & OPHTHALIC A.)

  37. OPENING OF 3) NASOLACRIMAL DUCT- IN MAXILLARY, LACRIMAL BONES & INF. NASAL CONCHA -CONTAINS MEMBRANEOUS NASOLACRIMAL DUCT & TEARS NASOLACRIMAL DUCT NASOLACRIMAL DUCT

  38. OTHER FORAMINA OF ORBIT ORBIT- SERVES AS PASSAGEWAY FOR NERVES, VESSELS TO FACE, SCALP & NASAL CAVITY 1) SUPRAORBITAL NOTCH OR FORAMEN-IN FRONTAL BONE CONTAINS SUPRAORBITAL N., A. and V. FROM V1, OPTHALMIC A. and V. 2) INFRAORBITAL FORAMEN- IN MAXILLARY BONE CONTAINS INFRAORBITAL N., A. and V. FROM V2 & MAXILLARY

  39. SKULL - bones rigidly connected by sutures to protect brain, attach move eyes I. CALVARIUM = SKULL CAP- Consists of bones linked by sutures FRONTAL (1)

  40. BONES OF CALVARIUM PARIETAL (2) FRONTAL (1) SPHENOID (1) OCCIPITAL (1) NOSE TEMPORAL (2)

  41. NOSE C. LANDMARKS B. SUTURES 1. CORONAL SUTURE 1. BREGMA - MID POINT OF CORONAL SUTURE 2. SAGITTAL SUTURE 2. LAMBDA - MID POINT OF LAMBDOIDAL SUTURE 3. LAMBDOIDAL SUTURE

  42. CORONAL SUTURE LANDMARKS 3. PTERION - JUNCTION OF TEMPORAL SPHENOID PARIETAL & FRONTAL BONES NOSE

  43. D. FONTANELLES – MEMBRANES LINK BONES AT BIRTH 1. ANTERIOR FONTANELLE AT BREGMA - FONTANELLES PERMIT CRANIAL COMPRESSION AT BIRTH - CRANIAL GROWTH 3. LATERAL FONTANELLE AT PTERION 2. POSTERIOR FONTANELLE - AT LAMBDA

  44. CRISTAGALLIOFETHMOID OLFACTORY FORAMEN – CN I OLFACTORYNERVE

  45. OPTIC FORAMEN CN II OPTICNERVE, OPHTHALMIC ARTERY

  46. SUPERIOR ORBITAL FISSURE – CN III, IVV1, VI, OPHTHALMIC VEINS

  47. Cranial Nerves in Cranial Cavity Prosection of Orbit and Cavernous Sinus

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