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Monocots I.

Monocots I. Monocotyledons (Monocotyledonae, Monocots). Monophyletic group Comprise 22% of all angiosperms Relationships to other “basal” angiosperms unclear at present. Apomorphies of the Monocots. Different stem vasculature Parallel leaf venation Single cotyledon

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Monocots I.

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  1. Monocots I.

  2. Monocotyledons (Monocotyledonae, Monocots) • Monophyletic group • Comprise 22% of all angiosperms • Relationships to other “basal” angiosperms unclear at present

  3. Apomorphies of the Monocots • Different stem vasculature • Parallel leaf venation • Single cotyledon • NOTE: a trimerous flower merosity is not a Monocot apomorphy

  4. Apomorphies of the Monocots • Atactostele stem vasculature

  5. Apomorphies of the Monocots • Parallel leaf venation (penni-parallel in some)

  6. Apomorphies of the Monocots • Single cotyledon

  7. Liliaceae- Lily family • Perennial • Usually bulbous herbs, lacking an onion-like odor • Basal or cauline leaves • Inflorescence a raceme, umbel or of solitary flowers • 16 genera / ca. 600 species

  8. Liliaceae

  9. Liliaceae – herbaceous perennials

  10. Bulbs

  11. Lillium

  12. Tulipa

  13. Loculicidal capsule – common fruit type in the Lilliaceae

  14. Maianthemum – False Solomon’s Seal

  15. Eremocrinum albomarginatum(Sand Lily)

  16. Lilium philadelphicum (Wood Lily)

  17. Orchidaceae - Orchid family • Mycorrhizal, mostly perrennial, terrestrial or epiphytic herbs having trimerous flowers • Showy labellum • Androecium and gynoecium adnate • Pollinia - pollen grains fused into a 1-several masses • 700-800 genera / ca. 20,000 species

  18. Caladenia longiclavata Australia

  19. labellum column

  20. Cattleya sp.

  21. Cymbidium sp.

  22. Cypripedium sp. Lady’s Slipper

  23. Dendrobium phalaenopsis

  24. Dracula chimaera Dracula vampira

  25. Encyclia sp. Cockleshell Orchid

  26. Epidendrum sp.

  27. Oncidium lanceanum

  28. Pseudobulb

  29. Stanhopea trigrinum

  30. Thelymitra antennifera Australia

  31. Vanilla planifolia Vanilla Orchid

  32. Commelinid Monocots Apomorphy: UV-fluorescentorganic acids (including coumaric, diferulic, and ferulic acid) that impregnate the cell walls.

  33. Arecaceae (Palmae) - Palm family • Rhizomatous, lianous, or usually arborescent stem • Large, sheathing, plicateleaves • Fleshy, usually drupaceousfruit, and seeds lacking starch • The plicate leaves is an apomorphy for the family. • 190 genera / ca. 2,000 species.

  34. Arecaceae – Palm Family

  35. Fruit a drupe

  36. Archontophoenix cunnighamiana King Palm

  37. Syagrus romanzoffianum Queen Palm

  38. Calamus Rattan Palm

  39. Chamaerops humilis Mediterranean Palm

  40. Licuala peltata

  41. Nypa fruticans - a rhizomatous palm

  42. Phoenix canariensis Canary I. Palm

  43. Phoenix dactylifera Date Palm

  44. Sabal urseana

  45. Washingtonia filifera Desert Fan Palm

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