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14:3

14:3. Life on the Home Front Businesses hire minorities and women “ Rosie the Riveter ”. 14:3. African-Americans Not hired by defense contractors Demand changes Roosevelt issues Executive Order 8802 (June, 1941)

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14:3

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  1. 14:3 • Life on the Home Front • Businesses hire minorities and women • “Rosie the Riveter”

  2. 14:3 • African-Americans • Not hired by defense contractors • Demand changes • Roosevelt issues Executive Order 8802 (June, 1941) • First civil rights agency created by federal government since Reconstruction (1870s) • Forbids discrimination in defense work

  3. 14:3 • Bracero Program • bracero = “worker” • Government hires 200,000 Mexican workers • Harvest fruit and vegetables

  4. 14:3 • A Nation on the Move • Wartime economy creates millions of jobs • Many people move to south • Creation of the “Sunbelt”

  5. 14:3 • The Housing Crisis • War industries cities lack housing • Roosevelt creates National Housing Agency (NHA) • Provides prefabricated houses

  6. 14:3 • Great Migration starts up again • Massive movement of African-Americans north • Riots in some northern cities • Detroit, June 20, 1943 • Belle Isle • 25 African-Americans killed • 9 whites killed

  7. 14:3 • The Zoot Suit Riots • Southern California • Racism against Mexican-Americans • 2,500 soldiers and sailors attack Mexican-Americans

  8. 14:3 • Japanese-American Relocation • Many Americans on west coast turn against Japanese immigrants • Roosevelt allows military to designate parts of the country a “military zone” • People with Japanese ancestry forced into internment camps

  9. 14:3 • Legal Action Against Internment • Korematsu v United States (Dec 1944) • Supreme Court ruled internment was constitutional • Not based on race, but military urgency • Ex Parte Endo • Supreme Court ruled Americans cannot be held against their will • End of internment camps

  10. 14:3 • Cost of the War • $300 billion • more money than the government spent in total between 1787 to 1940 • Office of Price Administration (OPA) • “rationing” • Limiting use of goods and materials

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