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China under Mao Zedong

China under Mao Zedong. Group #1: Issiree Arnonkitpanich, Amanda Schafer & Michael Huynh. China under Mao Zedong. The early years The Chinese Transformation The Great Leap Forward & The Cultural Revolution. The Early Years (1921-1949). Mao’s Background: A rural peasant family

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China under Mao Zedong

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  1. China under Mao Zedong Group #1: Issiree Arnonkitpanich, Amanda Schafer & Michael Huynh

  2. China under Mao Zedong • The early years • The Chinese Transformation • The Great Leap Forward & The Cultural Revolution

  3. The Early Years (1921-1949) • Mao’s Background: • A rural peasant family • Interested in politics matters • Ambition to broaden his views

  4. The Early Years (1921-1949) • 1918: The May Fourth Movement • 1921: Mao joined the new Chinese Communist Party (CCP) • 1923: the Nationalist People’s Party, Guomindang (GMD) • 1926: Nationalist general Chiang kai-shek led the Northern Expedition

  5. The Early Years (1921-1949) • 1927: Chiang kai-shek attacked CCP • 1936: Japan attacked China • 1945: During the WW2, the Soviet Union supported to Mao’s armies. • The end of the Civil War

  6. The Early Years (1921-1949) • Maoism • Marxism-Leninism • Focus on the peasantry • Emphasizes "revolutionary mass mobilization”

  7. Transformation (1949-1957) • 1949: Peoples Republic of China proclaimed October 1, 1949 • February 1950: Mao signs “Treaty of Friendship with Russia • Russia provides partnership in reconstruction & rehabilitation • Restored railways and canals to distribute food and fuel to people • June 1950: Land reform introduced • Attempt to redistribute land equally among people & reduce power held by individuals

  8. Transformation (1949-1957) • 1950-53: Korean War- • China & N.Korea VS. • U.S., United Nations & S.Korea • Mao increases government controls, ending all Western or Capitalist influence on economy • Major industries nationalized, labor relations, hospitals, schools

  9. Transformation (1949-1957) • 1952: ‘Five Anti Campaign’- Aimed to clean up corruption in China • Lead against merchants & businessmen accused of bribery, dishonesty or fraud • Accusations spread to countryside, millions died • 5 Antis: • Bribery • Theft • Tax Evasion • Cheating on government contracts • Stealing state economic information

  10. Transformation (1949-1957) • 1953-58: First 5 Year Plan – Plan to develop industry & agriculture • 1955: Mao calls for more village farm collectives • 1956: “Hundred Flowers Campaign” • Mao invites suggestions from scholars and writers on improving communist system • 1957: Campaign dropped and those found criticizing government are punished • End of freedom of thought for China, reinforcing dictatorial power of CCP

  11. The Great Leap Forward (1958-1961) • Second 5 year plan to compete with the West • Agricultural Production • Steel Production • Scrap metal –tools, pots,pans, etc. • Backyard Production – furnaces made by the peasants

  12. The Great Leap Forward (1958-1961) • Negative Results • Plan was abandoned early • Goals were not met • Injuries • Starvation from famine • Million of deaths

  13. The Great Leap Forward (1958-1961) • Positive Results • 1961-1965 Recovery • Chinese government made agriculture receiving first consideration, light industry second, and heavy industry third. • production in both agriculture and industry surpassed the peak levels of the GLF by 1966

  14. The Cultural Revolution (1966-1969) • Purge the communist party’s opponents and instill revolutionary values in the younger generation • Eliminate Mao’s threats • Peasant and worker equality • Red Guards

  15. The Cultural Revolution (1966-1969) • Negative Results • Schools were closed • Traditional art, literature, paintings were burned • Historical buildings, temples and churches were destroyed • People were beaten to death for opposing Maoism

  16. The Cultural Revolution (1966-1969) • Positive Results • China exploded its first H-Bomb (1967) • Various advances in science and technology. • Healthcare was made free and living standards in the countryside continued to improve.

  17. Conclusions • Maoism created the foundation for modern Chinese ideals • Mao modernized Chinese industry and political culture • Although millions of lives lost during Mao’s reign, the Chinese economy did progress

  18. Questions???

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