Chapter 15 Section 4

1. Chapter 15Section 4 The Catholic Reformation

2. Review • were some causes of religious dissent? • What did Luther’s teachings do? • How did Luther’s ideas spread quickly? • Why was the Anglican Church created? • The Edict of Nantes gave French Calvinists, called ________, some rights • What did writers such as Shakespeare and Marlowe focus on? • Erasmus differed from Italian scholars in that he studied the works of who?

3. The Counter Reformation • As the Protestants gained popularity, reformers finally convinced the pope that the church was in dire need of reform • In the 1530’s the Catholic Church started an effort known as the Counter-Reformation, in an attempt to return the church to more spiritual ways and to stop the spread of Protestantism • Pope Paul III brought the Inquisition to Rome to punish heretics • Pope Paul IV established the Index of Forbidden Books, because the books were regarded as harmful to faith and morals they were banned to all Catholics

4. Device used in the Roman Inquisition Pope Paul III

5. The Council of Trent • Being that church authorities often disagreed about certain matters, Paul III summoned church leaders to the Italian city of Trent • {The Council of Trent clarified the Catholic church’s position on issues such as the importance of ceremonies} • {The Council eliminated the sale of indulgences, tightened the discipline within the clergy and emphasized the need for priests in the church} • The decisions made by the council were effective for many within the Catholic church. They found the ceremonies comforting, the ornate churches moving, they respected the authority of the priests and they wanted to believe a person could gain salvation through good deeds

6. The Council of Trent

7. Soldiers of the Counter-Reformation • {To further strengthen support, the Catholic church formed new religious orders such as the Society of Jesus or the Jesuits.} • Ignatius de Loyola founded the Jesuits in 1534. Its followers took vows of chastity, poverty and obedience to the pope • The Jesuits became the most effective agents in spreading Catholicism • They stressed education and founded some of the best colleges in Europe. They combined humanist values with Catholic doctrine • Their preaching slowed the spread of Protestantism in France, Germany and Poland

8. Ignatius de Loyola

9. Results of the Religious Upheaval • This period of time between 1530’s – the mid 1600’s was a time of devastating religious wars. When the wars ended the results of the Reformation and Counter-Reformation could be seen • {The main result of the two Reformations was the creation of many different churches in Europe and less religious tolerance} • {Another was a stronger interest in education which both the Protestants and Catholics used to win support} • {Finally the Reformations led to increased power of the governments and a decrease in power of religious leaders}

10. Review • What clarified the Catholic church’s position on issues such as the importance of ceremonies • The Council did what to the sale of indulgences, tightened the discipline within the clergy and emphasized the need for priests in the church • What led to the creation of many different churches in Europe and less religious tolerance

11. This is one of my favorite digital photographers Jerry Ueslmann