1 / 45

EFFECTS OF DRUG ABUSE ON THE MIND

EFFECTS OF DRUG ABUSE ON THE MIND. UNILAG CHAPEL UNIVERSITY OF LAGOS. August 7,2016 DR. OWOEYE O. A. (MBChB, MSc, FMCPsych.). OUTLINE. Introduction. Definitions. Causative factors. Physiology of Drug abuse. Categories of Drugs abused and Effects on the mind. Introduction.

arthurcalhoun
Download Presentation

EFFECTS OF DRUG ABUSE ON THE MIND

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. EFFECTS OF DRUG ABUSE ON THE MIND UNILAG CHAPEL UNIVERSITY OF LAGOS. August 7,2016 DR. OWOEYE O. A. (MBChB, MSc, FMCPsych.)

  2. OUTLINE Introduction. Definitions. Causative factors. Physiology of Drug abuse. Categories of Drugs abused and Effects on the mind.

  3. Introduction Drugs- any substance that alters physiological functions Psychoactive substance- physiological funtions of the brain. Drug abuse- not medically prescribed -harmful use. -functional impairment Use of Drugs probably as old as mankind. Drugs used for various purpose in the region.

  4. Civil wars in the West Africa carry along with them increase in use of drugs and associated health effects. Use cuts across socioeconomic class. Age of initiation as early as 8 years for cannabis and 2-3 years for alcohol. Some older addicts (65 years or more) now seen.

  5. Causative Factors • Heredity. • Psychosoical factors e.g. Masturbatory equivalent, defense against homosexual impluse, manifestation of regression and a reflection of disturbed ego function. • Disorganised childhood e.g. Parental deprivation, frequent marital disharmony. • Children of drug using parents. • Peer pressure.

  6. Personality disorder (35-60% drug patients also meet the diagnosis for anti social personality disorder). • Psychiatric disorder e.g. Depression, Schizophrenia, Schizoaffective disorders. • Behavorial theory: Positive reinforcement and negative reinforcement by drugs of abuse. • Neurochemical Theories: Anybody with too little neurotransmitter activity or too much activity of its antagonist may be at risk of development of dependence to the drug.

  7. Physiology of Drug Abuse

  8. DRUG ADDICTION IS A COMPLEX ILLNESS

  9. The Memory of Drugs Amygdalanot lit up Amygdalaactivated Anterior Posterior Nature Video Cocaine Video

  10. Categories of Drugs

  11. Categories of Drugs Stimulants - “uppers” - stimulate the central nervous system - amphetamines, amyl nitrite, cocaine, crack, ecstasy - “downers” Depressants - depress the central nervous system - alcohol, barbiturates, benzodiazepines Analgesics - powerful painkillers - from opium poppy or synthetically produced Hallucinogens - “psychedelics” - dramatically alter perception - LSD, psilocyn, psilocybin, cannabis, ecstasy

  12. Drug Street Names Effects OPIUM black stuff, chandu Withdrawal symptoms, e.g. aches, spasms, stomach cramps & convulsions, shaking & vomiting, runny nose, watery eyes MORPHINE M, white stuff, white powder Withdrawal symptoms, e.g. aches, spasms, stomach cramps & convulsions, shaking & vomiting, runny nose, watery eyes HEROIN White, junk, powder, putih, medicine Withdrawal symptoms, e.g. aches, spasms, stomach cramps & convulsions, shaking & vomiting, runny nose, watery eyes CANNABIS originated from the hemp plant, Cannabis Sativa marijuana, ganja, pot, grass, joints Loss of concentration and memory, heart rate increases, poor balance & coordination, anxiety or panic, depression, confusion METHAMPHETAMINE HYDROCHLORIDE Ice, glass, crystal, quartz, ice-cream, hirropon, shabu Ice has a strong effect on the nervous system and is highly addictive. Loss of weight, impotency, severe convulsions (fits), hallucinations, liver & kidney damage, damage to the heart, stroke & death. METHYLENEDIOCY-METHAMPHETAMINE (MDMA) Ecstasy, Pink or Pink Lady, Snow White, Playboy, Apple, XTC Blood pressure and increase in pulse rate, false feelings of confidence & closeness with others, dehydration, convulsions, vomiting & anxiety. KETAMINE Also known as "K", Special K,Vitamin K,Ket, Kit kat Hallucination, Altered sensation, mood and consciousness, Affected judgment and co-ordination, distorted hearing, touch, smell, taste and visual sensation, nausea and vomiting, memory loss YABA Methamphetamine tablet, crazy horse, mad medicine Increased heart beat, dehydration, paranoid feeling, sweating, insomnia, irritability, depression

  13. Cocaine Powder Cracked cocaine cocaine

  14. Amphetamines in various capsules Barbiturate Pills Benzodiazepine Pills

  15. seeds Marijuana leaves In joint rolling In plastic bag In block

  16. Codeine in various form Cannabis Coca leaves and powder

  17. Downers (various) Hashish Oil DepressantPills

  18. Heroin in plastic Heroin in various forms with balloons Heroin in off white powder form

  19. Morphine Methadone Morphine in various forms

  20. Opium Opium pod & derivatives oxycontin

  21. Drug User Paraphernalia

  22. Drug User Paraphernalia

  23. Effects of Drugs onDrug User’s Mind

  24. Effects on the Mind Caffeine Caffeinism- Nervousness, irritability, tremulousness, muscle twitching, insomnia, flushed appearance, elevated body temperature, palpitations, heart arrhythmia, and gastrointestinal disturbances

  25. Cocaine effects • Acute toxicity may lead to profound CNS stimulation with convulsions and respiratory and/or cardiac arrest. • Chronic Toxicity may lead to irritation of the nasal septum, perforation of the nasal septum, irritability, restlessness and paranoid psychosis.

  26. Cocaine contd • Dependence • Poor nutrition • Children with low birth weight (in pregnant women using cocaine). • Endocarditis, septicemia, HIV spread, hepatitis B, and C, pulmonary embolism and granulomas.

  27. Amphetamine effects Beneficial effects: • Weight control • Staying awake for long hours by long distance drivers, students during exams. • Psychiatric conditions, e.g. Attention deficit hyperactivity syndrome, narcolepsy

  28. Amphetamine effects. • Paranoid Schizophrenia-like disorder • Insomnia • Irritability • Confusion • Hostility • Visual hallucination

  29. Cannabis Effects • Redness of the eyes, • Carelessness about dress • Time consciousness may be poor • Dependence • Impaired driving skill • Panic reaction • Reproductive Effects – low sperm count and reduced testosterone level • Immune system – Reduced immunity • Amotivational Syndrome • Insanity – Paranoid type

  30. Summary of the Effects of Drugs. • excitable, hostile, violent, destructive behavior, outbreaks of temper • unsteadiness, clumsiness • slurred speech, talking to oneself • in a state of confusion • dreamy, hallucinations • lack of personal hygiene • loss of concentration or attention • loss of interest in personal care & appearance, food, family activity • social withdrawal • sudden decline in attendance or performance in school • frequent job hopping • frequents places like storage rooms, toilets, isolated corners • sores on nose & mouth (glue sniffers), runny nose, bloodshot eyes • smell solvents on breath, clothes, hair (glue sniffers)

  31. Drug Abuse is apreventable behavior and Drug Addiction isa treatable disease

  32. Prevention Programsshould . . . . Enhance Protective Factors • strong family bonds • parental monitoring • parental involvement • success in school performance • prosocial institutions • conventional norms about drug use

  33. t e h n d

More Related