Adelaide Agyepong, Ryan Nippard, Yaami Premakumar, Melissa Soon, Michael Zafur, Jora Singh Grewal

1. Trip to the Huntsman Marine Science Centre Adelaide Agyepong, Ryan Nippard, Yaami Premakumar, Melissa Soon, Michael Zafur, Jora Singh Grewal

2. Monday, May 31 • Visit to an intertidal zone • collected samples of creatures by flipping over stones • collected the star fish, picked up crabs, picked up seaweed, lifted up stones, etc. • put creatures into tanks of water so we could examine them later • Zoo plankton and Photo plankton Lab • examined drops of water in "wet slides“ • bingo game where you have to find the bugs or bacteria on the bingo card in your slide, chips were periwinkles • visit to the on-site aquarium because the institute has one • saw a 22 pound lobster • saw the shell of a 44 pound lobster. • saw a blue lobster and ORANGE lobster which are both extremely rare • saw two seals • touch tank where you were able to touch star fishes and crabs, and other underwater creatures

3. Tuesday, June 1 • Mud flats • collected different types of worms • dug in the ground wherever there were holes or "volcano piles“ (worm poop) • Afternoon Activity: Boat drags • plankton drag • scallop drag • fish drag • examined some on the metal table and threw them immediately back into the ocean, Tracy cut open a scallop and urchin for people to try • collected the shrimp to cook for tomorrow • Seaweed Lab • created dichotomous keys for seaweed

4. Wednesday, June 2 • trip to a body of water (where fresh and salt meet) • collected creatures then released them back into the water because it was a conversation area (jelly fish and crabs mainly) • Getting to Know the Creatures Lab • looked at different species (star fishes, etc.) • drew them and read up on them • did a lab by flipping over star fishes and urchins of different sizes to see which ones were faster • the smaller ones were faster • Note: the boat drag on this day killed all the fish because of technical problems, these fish were then used for the fish dissection

5. Thursday, June 3 • Holey Point Hotel • went out to a rocky area at low tide • transect lab with the equipment we were provided (rope, plastic square, clipboard) • counted the creatures in the squares and we recorded some info (percentage seaweed coverage, type of land)

6. Friday, June 4 • fish dissection • examined gills, fins, and organs • used microscope, scissors, scalpel

7. International Aspects • fishing industry • for the boat drag we had to put all animals we weren't using back to ensure proper mating would occur so that when they were in season, there would be enough for others to catch and sell         i.e. the lobsters were out of season and it was illegal to catch them, taking any would ruin the lobster season, they wouldn't mate properly, and this would reduce numbers, reducing the amount of money made from lobsters • another issue we had to be aware of what was polluting the water on our drags either from the boat or ourselves • this would have drastically damaged the ecosystem, due to multiple drags being done throughout the week

8. International Aspects • alien species • species (i.e. seaweed) can be brought from other countries and left in the waters to reproduce, becoming invasive due to no natural predators • research • can be shared international with other organizations       i.e. the data we collected from our transect lab, is kept for future years as a reference, this data can be used in future years • boundaries • while doing the drags we had to be sure we stayed on our side of the bay in Canadian waters

9. Environmental implications of science and technology • science and technology can harm the environment and its organisms if precautions are not taken • when performing experiments on living organisms, we must take care in ensuring the safety and comfort of these creatures • ex. starfish and urchins tube feet lab • we could only add only a few rocks at a time in order to not overstrain the creatures

10. Environmental implications of science and technology • we must be careful not to disturb or take too much from the environment • ex. boat drags, worm lab, transect lab, bucket lab, touch tanks • we limited how much we took • everything was handled carefully and the environment left unchanged (rocks turned back over, seaweed put back in place) • when finished, most of the organisms were returned to their environment • if we take too much from the environment (fishing, research etc), species may become endangered or even extinct

11. Environmental implications of science and technology • care must be taken when performing scientific experiments • ex. alien seaweed when examining the zone where fresh and salt water meets • alien species must be completely removed • negative effects may occur if the environment is altered (ex. alien seaweed out competes regular seaweed and is not beneficial at all)

12. Ethical implications of science and technology • limited amount of removal • few creatures removed from habitat, only the necessary amount for our experiments • habitat destruction always taken into account • habitats tried to be returned to original state • few animals killed, most kept in a natural state • water brought from the bay into tanks, conditions constant • constant conditions ensured comfort of the creatures • only animals killed were for dissection • learning experience • died from the drag

13. Ethical implications of science and technology • fish drags, ethical? • many fish died on the last drag, although not on purpose. • habitats at the bottom destroyed • scallop drag • unethical • destroys the sea floor, kills creatures • scallops killed on the boat to be eaten almost live.

14. Ethical implications of science and technology • most experiments performed were ethical • strength test • Rocks added gradually, so to not hurt the creature • sea star and urchin flip • neither organism was harmed in the experiment • barnacle lab • barnacles not exposed to extreme temperatures • mud flats • Worms kept alive, brought back to habitat

15. Ethical implications of science and technology • animals in aquarium • lobsters held captive for viewing purposes • unethical, as large lobsters can survive on their own • touch tank • animals with missing limbs • if animals were dismembered in tank, unethical • if rescued and taken care of, ethical • little supervision • tanks could be supervised to ensure proper treatment of all creatures

16. Ethical implications of science and technology • seals • dependant on humans • ethical • treated well in the aquarium • needs met • given circumstances meant limited space, but will be expanded upon completion of the aquarium • born and raised in captivity • not show animals

17. Economic implications of science and technology • fishing regulations • all animals taken from the water were monitored according to fishing regulations • all lobsters had to be placed back in the water, regardless of size • only a certain amount of fish could be removed from the water • only a certain amount of shrimp and scallop could be removed from the water • this is done to ensure that the science centre remains a scientific facility and not used for commercial fishing purposes

18. Economic implications of science and technology • Huntsman as a company • Huntsman charges money to look at the marine animals in their aquarium • huntsman also charges money for the use of their labs, etc. • however, Huntsman also uses this money in order to create a safer and more suitable environment for their animals • a new development for their aquarium including a larger environment for their captive seals was being undertaken • the Huntsman development was also being partially funded by donations

19. Economic implications of science and technology • economically friendly observations • many of the labs and observations we did of organisms were done without expensive machinery • the only field study we did involving such machinery was an excursion onto the Bay of Fundy on a ship equipped with a fish drag, a scallop drag and phyto-plankton and zoo-plankton drags. • otherwise the only equipment involved were shovels, buckets and hip waders • this way, money would not have to be spent unnecessary and these often disruptive machines would not be exposed to the ecosystem

20. Economic implications of science and technology • reusable lab equipment • every piece of equipment we used in the field studies were reusable • this includes buckets, shovels, pans, rulers, ropes, transect squares and hip waders • nothing was wasted or put into the environment as waste • many of the pieces of equipment we used inside the labs were also older • the microscopes, while old, were still functional and thus were still being used in order to save money • many of the fish tanks were also old but always being reused • water for the tanks and many of the labs was generally taken directly from the bay and returned to the bay after use when possible • this is to prevent the use of excess fresh water, and also to keep the saltwater animals in a suitable condition

21. Social implications of science and technology • people in the immediate community in St. Andrews are aware of the biodiversity that exists around them as a result of the existence of the centre. • students from elementary to secondary level have the chance to enhance their level of education in post graduate laboratories • the Federal Government and provincial government continue to financially help the centre • since the Federal Government funds the centre, every Canadian pays for the centre but not all Canadians get to enjoy its facility