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Develop Your Scientific Skills

Enhance your scientific process skills by practicing observation, inference, variables, prediction, hypothesis, and data interpretation with sample questions. Improve your ability to make inferences by explaining events and outcomes. Practice controlling variables in experiments for accurate results. Recommended for students studying science.

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Develop Your Scientific Skills

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  1. SK SERI BAYU SCIENCE SECTION B Presented By : Pn. Maziatoljasnim Abd Saari

  2. CRITERIA OF SECTION B

  3. Science Process Skills Observing 1 Inference 2 Variables 3 Predict 4 Hypothesis 5 Interpret data 6

  4. SAMPLE SCIENTIFIC SKILLS QUESTIONS OBSERVING SCIENTIFIC SKILLS QUESTIONS

  5. Tounge hand eyes ears nose OBSERVING PEMERHATIAN Using the five senses Key words to answer: State the similarities /differences / changes that can be observed in the pictures / tables / statements.

  6. Leaf Leaf Hot water Hot water 3. What can you observe ? The leaf releases bubbles Daun membebaskan gelembung udara

  7. Aquarium B Aquarium A Aquarium B Aquarium A Aquarium A State your observation based on the two pictures above The fish in aquarium B is bigger than the fish in aquarium A. Ikan dalam akurium B lebih besar daripada ikan dalam akurium A

  8. P Q What can you observe from the picture ? Spring Q stretches longer than spring P. Spring Q lebih panjang daripada spring P

  9. A B What can you see from the pictures ? Magnet A attracts more paper clips than magnet B. Magnet A menarik lebih banyak klip kertas daripada klip B

  10. State your observation from this investigation. The number of the elephant decreased. Bilangan gajah berkurangan

  11. P Q After two weeks What do you observe after two weeks? The shoot of plant Q moves towards the hole. / The shoot of plant P moves upwards. Pucuk pokok Q bergerak ke arah lubang

  12. SAMPLE SCIENTIFIC SKILLS QUESTIONS INFERENCE SCIENTIFIC SKILLS QUESTIONS

  13. MAKING INFERENS MEMBUAT INFERENS Making an initial conclusion to explain an event based certain causes or reasons. Membuat kesimpulan awal, penerangan, atau alasan • State a reasonable explanation from the observation. • State other reasonable explanation • State additional observation for the inferences.

  14. Y X State two inferences about the growth of the two plants after a week. 1 Plant Y gets enough water compared plant X Plant Y gets enough sunlight compared plant X Pokok Y mendapat air/cahaya/ruang/baja/mineral yang mencukupi berbanding pokok X 2

  15. An astronaut grows a species of plant at planet X. He found out that plants could not grow there. State two possible reasons for this observation. No air // No water // Far from the sun or // Near to the sun. Tiada udara//Tiada air//Jauh dari matahari// Dekat dengan matahari

  16. Objects Do not light up the bulb Light up the bulb • Group A • String • Comb • Plastic ruler • Group B • Nail • Needle • Key State two inferences about the differences between objects in group A and group B. i A is insulator and B is conductor A is plastic and B is metal A penebat/plastik dan B konduktor/besi ii

  17. Why the volume of water absorbed by the various objects were different? Different properties of the objects Keupayaan menyerap air setiap bahan berbeza

  18. cactus rose plant Both plants were watered once in a week. After 3 weeks, the rose plant died while the cactus is still alive. State two inferences to explain why the cactus plant survived? i Its succulent stems can store water. ii Its needle-shape leaves reduce water loss. Batang kaktus menyimpan air Daun berbentuk duri mengurangkan kehilangan air

  19. A B State your inference based on the result of the experiment. The grasshopper in container A is still alive because it has air to breathe. Belalang dalam bekas A hidup kerana ada udara untuk bernafas.

  20. SAMPLE SCIENTIFIC SKILLS QUESTIONS VARIABLES SCIENTIFIC SKILLS QUESTIONS

  21. Parameter Object + Size of the shadow CONTROLLING VARIABLES MENGAWAL PEMBOLEHUBAH State variables involved in an experiment. State What to change (Manipulated Variables) State What to measure (Responding Variables) State What to keep the same ( Controlled Variables) Key words to answer

  22. a) State what is : Constant variables : Manipulated variables : Responding variable : Size of flower / type of flower Colour of flower Height of flower after 2 week

  23. FIGURE 1 – OSCILLATIONS OF PENDULUM 1. What to change Length of thread. 2. What to observe Number of oscillations.

  24. A group of year six pupils gathered information about the temperature in the cage. The table below shows the information obtained by the pupils. In the investigation: (i) What to change Number of animals. (ii) What to measure Temperature in a cage. (iii) What to keep the same Size of the cage.

  25. Based on this result, state the following variables: (i) What to change Number of batteries. (ii) What to measure Brightness of bulbs.

  26. Plant A Plant B In this investigation, state the following: (i) What to change Presence of air. (ii) What to observe The condition of the plant. (iii) What to keep the same Type of plant.

  27. Amount of water absorbed (ml) R S U T Sponges Four different sizes of sponges were soaked in 100ml of water. The amount of water absorbed by the sponges are given in the graph. State the following variables: (i) What to change The size of the sponge. (ii) What to measure Amount of water absorbed.

  28. The table below shows their observations • State : Constant variables : Distanced traveled • Manipulated variables : Number of times the spring is wound • Responding variable : Time taken • What is aim of the investigation ? • To investigate the relationship between Number of times the spring is wound • and Time taken

  29. SAMPLE SCIENTIFIC SKILLS QUESTIONS PREDICTING SCIENTIFIC SKILLS QUESTIONS

  30. PREDICTING MERAMAL Anticipating future events based on observation and inferences. Making prediction based on data collected before hand to determine what will follow. State what will happen by extrapolating data. Key words to answer The answers could be in figure or in the form of statement.

  31. After 1 week. After 1 week. What will happen to plant Q after 1 week? Plant Q will die . Pokok Q akan mati

  32. Predict what would happen if a nail is used in this circuit? The bulb will light up . Mentol akan menyala

  33. + 2 + 2 + 2 + 3 + 2 + 4 + 2 - 5 + 2 - 6 - 7 + 2 7 pm 18 Predict the room temperature at 7pm. 18 oC

  34. SAMPLE SCIENTIFIC SKILLS QUESTIONS HYPOTHESIS SCIENTIFIC SKILLS QUESTIONS

  35. HYPOTHESIS MEMBUAT KESIMPULAN AWAL Making educated guesses which can be tested based on evidence collected. State the relationship between variables. What to change (W2C) What to measure (W2M) Key words to answer As the (W2C) increases/decreases, the ( W2M ) increases/decreases. or Science concept or general statement can also be used to answer the question. Plants need water to stay alive // Light travels in straight line.

  36. c) What is the pattern / the trend of : Number of seedlings: ........................ Average height of seedlings: ………………………… More/Increase Less/Decrease d) What can be concluded from this study ? The ………. ( Manipulated variables ) , the ……….. ( Responding variables ) The moreNumber of seedlings, the lessAverage height of seedlings

  37. INTERPRETING DATA Key Word to answer TREND Increase / decrease /no change / same / more / less RELATIONSHIP The more / less ( MV ) , the more / less ( RV ) The more number of iron balls, the more level of water Conclusion The more / less ( MV ) , the more / less ( RV ) The more number of bulb, the dimmer brightness of bulb Use the science concept ( e.g) Plants need water to stay alive AIM To investigate the relationship between MV and RV

  38. Based on the result, write the hypothesis that has been tested. The more the age , the more the height

  39. Using the information above, write a hypothesis for this investigation. Week 1 Week 2 The mouse needs food to live.

  40. 2 ml 8 ml 14 ml What is the hypothesis of the experiment? The more number of iron balls, the more level of water

  41. Based on the table, what is the hypothesis of the experiment? The more the length of the string , the less the number of swings

  42. SAMPLE SCIENTIFIC SKILLS QUESTIONS Interpreting Data SCIENTIFIC SKILLS QUESTIONS

  43. MENTAFSIR DATA INTERPRETING DATA Explain the patterns or relationships based on the Information gathered.

  44. 2 ml 8 ml 14 ml What is the trend of water level as more marbles are added? Increase.

  45. Based on the table, state the trend of the water temperature. Increase, no change // remain the same

  46. No of owls in the estate Year 2000 2002 2001 2003 2004 Based on the investigation, state the number of owls in the estate from the year 2000 - 2004 . Decrease, increase, decrease.

  47. LETS WE TRY TO ANSWERS

  48. Plant A Plant B Plant A Plant B Week 1 Week 2 What conclusion can be made from this investigation? Plants need water to grow.

  49. What is the relationship between the two variables? If the age increases, so the weight also increases .

  50. State the aim of the investigation. To investigate the relationship between the number of batteries and the brightness of the bulb.

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