TOTALITARIAN DICTATORS Lecture

1. TOTALITARIANDICTATORS Lecture

2. Five Freedoms • Create THREE columns on a sheet of paper with the following headings: • Five freedoms I have • Five rights or freedoms that are restricted at school • The reasons for the restrictions (Think: why are you restricted from certain activities and who does the restricting?)

3. Five Freedoms • Pair Up • Share what you came up with • Share • Let’s list some of your input on the board

4. What’s the Difference? Authoritarian Totalitarian Having total control over the lives of the people. • Having control, but not total control, over the lives of the people.

5. Authoritarian vs. Totalitarian • Authoritarian = Authority • Totalitarian = Total • What type of governance does a school have? • What actions would have to occur for a school to move from authoritarian governance to totalitarian governance?

6. FAILURE OF VERSAILLES • The peace settlement that ended World War I (Versailles Treaty) failed to provide a “just and secure peace” as promised • Instead Germany grew more resentful of the treaty they felt was too harsh and too punitive • This unrest gave rise to an era of Dictators The Versailles Treaty (above on crutches) took a beating in the U.S. and abroad

7. Totalitarianism • A country headed by a DICTATOR(one person) • One POLITICAL PARTY rules • Individuals have little power, freedom or rights. • The government CONTROLS ALL ASPECTS of life including religion, speech, media and art • No INDIVIDUAL privacy or FREEDOM • Came to power after WW I.

8. Criteria of Totalitarian Regimes • “…I saw a little boy, perhaps ten years old, driving a huge carthorse along a narrow path, whipping it whenever it tried to turn. It struck me that if only such animals became aware of their strength we should have no power over them…” George Orwell

9. Criteria of Totalitarian Regimes • Germany, the Soviet Union, and Italy had dictatorships that were unique in the history of the world. They went beyond mere dictatorships. They were totalitarian dictatorships. • Their control went beyond traditional, authoritarian dictatorships and monarchies.

10. Criteria of Totalitarian Regimes • Totalitarian dictatorships wanted total control over the lives of their people. • How did these totalitarian governments achieve this kind of control? • Dictators used 8 methods to gain total control over their people. • Just as the boy controlled the horse, dictators were able to control people using the following strategies…

11. Criteria of Totalitarian Regimes • Indoctrination • Propaganda • Censorship • Terror • Charisma • One Party Rule • Economic Control • Extreme Nationalism

12. Say, Mean, Matter • As we go through each criteria of Totalitarian regimes, complete your lecture guide as follows: • What does it say? (Read the definition and underline important phrases.) • What does it mean? (Put definition into your own words.) • Why does it matter? (Explain why principle is important in totalitarian states.)

13. Say, Mean, Matter Indoctrination Propaganda Using newspapers, magazines, radio, speeches, and movies to give people a one sided message. • To teach people to accept a system of beliefs (thoughts) without questioning.

14. "Es lebe Deutschland!” – means “Long Live Germany!”

15. Say, Mean, Matter Censorship Terror The use of violence or the threat of violence to produce fear so that people will obey the state. • The removal of anything objectionable to or critical of the ruling party.

16. Examples of the use of terror to enforce the will of the Totalitarian – slave labor camps in USSR, Mussolini’s Secret Police, and the Holocaust in Germany

17. Say, Mean, Matter Charisma One Party Rule Only one political party is allowed to exist. It has complete power. • A quality about a leader that makes people eager to follow him or her.

18. Say, Mean, Matter Economic Control Extreme Nationalism The belief by a group of people that their country is better than any other country. • The state decides what will be made and sold.

19. TYPES OF TOTALITARIAN LEADERS… • Fascist Totalitarian • Nazi Totalitarian • Communist Totalitarian • Militarist Totalitarian

20. FASCIST TOTALITARIAN • Political movement that consists of strong, centralizedgovernment headed by powerful dictator • Emphasized the state over individuals • Protect private property but control production • Fascists hate communists and democracies. • One political party = fascist

21. Benito Mussolini Italy -Fascist Totalitarian "Everything within the state, nothing against the state, nothing outside the state." The masses should only "believe, obey and fight." ~Mussolini

22. Francisco Franco Spain -Fascist Totalitarian

23. NAZI TOTALITARIAN • Emphasis on racism • Political Party = Nazis • Note: Hitler’s Germany was also Facist…

24. Hitler Germany- Nazi Totalitarian

25. COMMUNIST TOTALITARIAN • Collective ownership & centralized state planning • One party system - communist • Feared fascist dictators

26. Joseph Stalin USSR -Communist Totalitarian

27. Militarist TOTALITARIAN • Strong military • Economy supports increasing size and strength of military • Aggressive Expansionism • Aggressive militaristic actions (atrocities in war) • Revered by the people… “Godlike” • Extreme nationalism

28. Emperor Hirohito & Hideki Tojo Hideki Tojo, Military Leader of Japan • Japan had an emperor, but the military took control of the government • Emperor Hirohito could not stand up to the powerful generals, but he was worshipped by the people, who often fought in his name • Industrialization of Japan, lending to a drive for raw materials…spurs aggressive expansion Hirohito, Emperor of Japan