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Efficient Separation of CO2 from Flue Gases using Pressure Swing Adsorption

Learn how Pressure Swing Adsorption is a key tool for removing CO2 from flue gases, with insights on equilibria, kinetics, and development of efficient PSA cycles.

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Efficient Separation of CO2 from Flue Gases using Pressure Swing Adsorption

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  1. K.Warmuzinski, M.Tanczyk, M.Jaschik, A.WojdylaInstitute of Chemical EngineeringPolish Academy of SciencesGliwice Pressure Swing Adsorption as an Efficient Tool for the Separation of Carbon Dioxide from Flue Gases ISCECC-4, 13-14 October 2011, Athens

  2. Introduction • •fossil fuels – the CO2 problem • •abatement options • 2. Pressure swing adsorption • •basic principles • •equilibria • •kinetics • 3. Scope of the study • •adsorbent selection • •simulations ISCECC-4, 13-14 October 2011, Athens

  3. Experimental • • equilibria • •adsorbent selection • •kinetics • •PSA separation experiments • Mathematical modelling • Development of an efficient PSA cycle • •CO2 purity • •CO2 recovery • Conclusions ISCECC-4, 13-14 October 2011, Athens

  4. Fossil fuels provide over 80% of primary energy Today, almost 30 billion tonnes of CO2 are emitted every year as a result of using fossil fuels ISCECC-4, 13-14 October 2011, Athens

  5. Carbon dioxide capture systems ISCECC-4, 13-14 October 2011, Athens

  6. The principle of pressure swing adsorption ISCECC-4, 13-14 October 2011, Athens

  7. Adsorption equilibrium • how much of a given species can be adsorbed • Adsorption kinetics • how fast a species is being adsorbed ISCECC-4, 13-14 October 2011, Athens

  8. Objectives of the present study • to select the best adsorbent for the separation of • CO2/N2mixtures (based on experiments) • to develop an efficient PSA cycle for the separation • of CO2/N2mixtures (based on experiment, modelling • and simulations) ISCECC-4, 13-14 October 2011, Athens

  9. Adsorbents studied • BA-10 • GAC CECA activated carbons • Norit Vapure • Molsiv 13X • zeolite molecular sieves • Grace 13X ISCECC-4, 13-14 October 2011, Athens

  10. Representative adsorption isotherms for CO2 and N2 at 20°C CARBON DIOXIDE NITROGEN ISCECC-4, 13-14 October 2011, Athens

  11. Adsorbent selected: ZMS 13X (Grace) Kinetic constants for CO2 and N2 over the adsorbent selected ISCECC-4, 13-14 October 2011, Athens

  12. Development of an efficient PSA cycle Experimental equilibria and kinetics PSA experiments in a 2-column installation Mathematical modelling Simulation calculations (3-column installation) Analysis and optimisation of the CO2/N2 PSA separation Increased CO2 purity Increased CO2 recovery ISCECC-4, 13-14 October 2011, Athens

  13. Experimental PSA installation ISCECC-4, 13-14 October 2011, Athens

  14. Basic assumptions of the model • thermal equilibrium between the gas and the solid phase • plug flow with axial dispersion • negligible pressure drop over the adsorbent • the fluid phase is an ideal gas ISCECC-4, 13-14 October 2011, Athens

  15. F – feed, D – depressurisation, P – pressurisationPu – purge, R – vacuum regeneration– cocurrent flow, – countercurrent flow PSA cycle in the 3-column installation ISCECC-4, 13-14 October 2011, Athens

  16. Feed • 15% CO2, 85% N2 Improved process conditions • optimised flow rates during purge and vacuum regeneration Results • CO2 recovery close to 100% • CO2 purity in excess of 80% ISCECC-4, 13-14 October 2011, Athens

  17. Conclusions The improved PSA process can enrich the 15/85 CO2/N2 mixture to a level of over 80% of CO2, with an almost complete recovery of this species. Such efficiency can be achieved by a suitable selection of flow rates during purge with the enriched gas and vacuum regeneration. ISCECC-4, 13-14 October 2011, Athens

  18. Thank you ISCECC-4, 13-14 October 2011, Athens

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