10 th Grade World History 1 Quarter 2

10th Grade World History 1 Quarter 2 Chapter 5 Section 3 and 4 and 5 5.3 Democracy and Greece’s Golden Age 5.4 Alexander’s Empire 5.5 Spread of Hellenistic Culture

Do Now: 1: When did the Golden Age of Athens Take place? From what year to what year? 2: Why is it called the Golden Age? 3: What were the three goals of Pericles? 4: What did Pericles do to make it so that everyone, not just the rich could hold public office? 5: Why was Pericles able to treat other greek city states like part of its empire? 6: What god was the Parthenon Temple meant to honor? ii

Setting the Stage • Victory over the Persians brings glory and wealth to Athens • 477 to 431 B.C. Athens Golden Age • Growth in Intellectual and artistic learning • DRAMA, ART, THINKING, SCIENCE

Pericles’ Plan for Athens • From Wealthy Noble Family • Talented Leader • 3 GOALS • Strengthen Athenian Democracy • Strengthen the Empire • Glorify Athens

Stronger Democracy • Paid more public officials • More citizens can hold office • Direct democracy • Every Citizen votes in the assembly • Not every person living in Athens • Citizen: 18 male of citizen parents

Athenian Empire • Athens Leads Delian League • Uses Delian League money to make strong Navy • Increase safety of Empire • Protects trade routes overseas

Glory to Athens • Uses DelianLeauge Money • Buys GOLD IVORY MARBLE • Hires Architects and Sculpters and Artists • Builds PARTHENON • HUGE temple to honor ATHENA • Artists wanted idealism not realism. • Values of Harmony, order, balance, proportion: Standard for CLASSICAL ART

Do Now: Start at Bell (be in seat working on DO NOW OR TARDY) End at 9:45 1: Who Wrote over 80 Plays? 2: Who Paid for plays? 3: Who is the first Historian? 4: What did Thucydides Believe about history that made it helpful to study? 5: Who started the Peloponnesian War? 6: Who Won the Peloponnesian War? ii

Drama • Greeks invented drama • Built first Theaters • Rich paid for plays • Tragedy • Serious Drama • Explored LOVE, HATE, BETRAYAL • Tragic Hero • Aeschylus, Euripides • Comedy • Crude humor • Made fun of Politics and respected people

History • Herodotus • Father of History: accurate reporting of events • Persian War Book: First History Book • Thucydides • Greatest Historian of Classical Age • Believed studying recurring events of history would help to understand the present

Athenians and Spartans Go to War • Athens power grew • Sparta and others became hostile • Both confident • Sparta declares war 431 B.C. • Peloponnesian war • Sparta: • Strong Army • Located Inland from sea • Athens: • Strong Navy • Could supply city by sea • Ends in a truce 421 BC

Peloponnesian War Continued • 415 B.C War starts Again • Athens tries to destroy rich Spartan ally Syracuse • Totally destroyed in defeat • Weakend • Athens is weakened • Sparta keeps attacking • 404 B.C. Athens and allies surrender • Athens loses its empire, power, and wealth. Golden age OVER

Do Now: Start at Bell (be in seat working on DO NOW OR TARDY) End at 1:51 1: What two assumptions did Greek philosophers base their thinking on? 2: Who was the most famous student of Aristotle? 3: Who was the most famous student of Socrates? 4: What killed Socrates? 5: According to Plato’s The Republic What type of person should be chosen to be the philosopher-King in a society? ii

Philosophers Search for Truth • Many Athenians lost confidence after Peloponnesian war • Began to question their values and beliefs • “Philosophers” appeared • Great thinkers • “lovers of wisdom” • The universe is organized by orderly laws • People can understand them with logic and reason

Sophists • Group of philosophers • Questioned belief's • Justice • Traditional values • Most Famous Protagoras • Questioned existence of traditional Gods • Believed in no universal truth • (its all relative) • Ideas were considered dangerous

Three Great Philosophers

Do Now: Start at Bell (be in seat working on DO NOW OR TARDY) End at 1:50 1: Where did King Philip Rule? 2: What did Greeks think of Macedonians? 3: How old was Philip when he became king? 4: What city joined with Athens to Fight Philip? 5: How did he Die? ii

Philip builds Macedonian Power • Macedonia • Rough Climate • Hardy People • Thought themselves of as Greeks • Greeks looked down on them • Not Civilized.

Army of Philip II • Philip II • Brilliant General • Ruthless politician • Transformed Rugged peasants into professional army • Phalanx formations 16 across and 16 long with 18 foot pikes • Almost every spear in killing range • Sent Phalanx into battle first to break lines • Then Calvary to destroy them

Conquest of Greece • Greek city states were weak, did not unite to fight Philip • Athens and Thebes tried to stop him • Battle of Chaeronea 338 B.C. • Philip defeats Athens and Thebes • End of Greece independence for a long time

Death • Philip planned to invade Persia • Killed at wedding of daughter in 336 B.C. • Son Alexander Immediately proclaims himself king

Do Now: Start at Bell (be in seat working on DO NOW OR TARDY) End at 1:50 1: How old was Alexander the Great When he became King? 2: What did he use to inspire himself? 3: What City did he destroy when it rebelled? 4: How many Persians did he defeat at the Gracious River in Persia? 5: What did Darius III offer Alexander? 6: What City burned in Persia? ii

Alexander the Great • Prepared to lead • 8 Years old: tamed a wild horse • 13 years old: Tutored by Aristotle in geography science, literature • Became king at age 20 • Crushed Rebellion of Thebes • Secured Greece

Do Now: Start at Bell (be in seat working on DO NOW OR TARDY) End at 1:50 1: On to which continents did Alexander’s empire spread? 2: True or False: Alexander was interested in governing his empire 3: Who is the man that Alexander chased after and what happened to him? 4: What civilization that we studied earlier in the year did he reach in 326 B.C. 5: Why did He stop fighting and go home? 6: What kingdoms were left in the empire after his death in 323 B.C. (5 names) ii

Invasion of Persia • Wants to do his fathers plan to invade Persia • Takes 35,000 soldiers • Defeats 40,000 in annatolia • Darius III Persian King vows to stop him • 75,000 troops to out number Alexander • Defeated by Alexander when he rushed at him and scared Darius away. When Darius ran his army ran. • Victory for Alexander gives him control of Annatolia(Turkey, Asia Minor)

Conquering the Persian Empire • Darius is scared • Offers Alexander all lands west of the Eupthrates • Alexander rejects offer • Takes Egypt • Crowned as Pharoah • Establishes City of Alexandria • Moves to Mesopotamia • Battle of Gaugamela • Alexander uses a massive Phalanx attack and calvary charge to scare Darius into running away again. His army of 250,000 men runs with him • Ends Persian Power • Persepolis: Persia’s Royal Capital burns • Possibly as revenge for Persian burning of Athens in Persian wars

Alexander’s Other Conquests • Now ruler of Southwest Asia • Leaves burned Persepolis to: • Hunt Darius • Expand his Empire into central Asia • Finds Darius is already killed by one of the Persian governors • Hunts the governor • Decides to try to push to the edge of Asia • Thought it was his destiny to conquer and rule men

Alexander's Death • 326 B.C. Alexander was disappointed he must go home • 323 B.C. Announced he would unify and expand the new empire • Build roads • Build Cities • Conquer Arabia • Dies from a fever a few days later at 32 years old

Alexander’s Legacy • Alexander dies: Without him his new Empire falls apart • His generals fight for control of his empire • Antigonus: becomes king of Greek City states and Macedonia • Ptolemy: becomes pharaoh of Egypt • Seleucus: takes most of the old Persian Empire (Seleucid Kingdom) • New rulers become kings (Monarchy) do no try to be democratic like Athens • While traveling and fighting Alexander took a Persian girl for his wife and started wearing Persian clothes • In a similar way Greek and Persian culture started to combine to make a blend of the two throughout the lands Alexander conqured.

Do Now: Start at Bell (be in seat working on DO NOW OR TARDY) End at 9:38 1: What is Koine? 2: What does it Mean in Greek? 3: What did Koine allow people to do in Alexandria? 4: Who founded Alexandria? 5: Where is it located? 6: Why was it a great city? 7: Name two of its many Attractions ii

10th Grade World History 1 Quarter 2 Chapter 5 Section 5 The Spread of Hellenistic Culture Learning Targets: To identify the achievements of Hellenistic culture in science, technology, philosophy, and art.

End at 1:52 1: What were Hellenistic philosophers mainly concerned with? 2: What did Stoicism say about human desires, power, and wealth? 3: Epicureans proposed that the main goal of humans was to do what? 4: What does the word Epicurean mean today? 5: Why is the meaning of the word Epicurean a little ironic not quite right? 6: How tall was the Colossus of Rhodes? 7: What does NIKE mean? 8: What new city would become the next center of Western culture and civilization? ii

Legacy of Alexander The Great • Alexander the Great Spread his empire • Also Greek Culture • Established many outposts of Greek Culture • Cities named after Alexander all over his empire

Hellenistic Culture in Alexandria • Vibrant new culture emerges in Alexander’s former empire. • Combination of • Greek (Hellenic) • Egyptian • Persian • Indian • Know as Hellenistic Culture • Uses the Language “Koine” from the Greek “Common”

Trade and cultural Diversity • Alexandria • Leading example of Hellenistic Civilization and commerce • Located west edge of Nile delta. • Strategic trading port • International community • Mixture of traditions: Egypt, Aegean

Alexandria’s Attractions • Great Beauty • Royal palaces • Broad streets • Glass Tomb of Alexander the great • Lighthouse called Pharos • One of the 7 wonders of the Ancient world • 350 feet tall • Polished bronze mirror to shine light for ships at night. • Museum • Zoo • Observatory • gardens • Library • Research • 500,000 papyrus writings

Science and Technology • Alexandria: leader in Science & technology • ASTRONOMY • Aristarchus • Sun 300 times larger than Earth (not size of Greece) • Earth/Planets: Revolve around Sun • Ptolemy • Earth center of universe • Accepted view 14 centuries • Eratosthenes • Director of Alexandrian Library • Estimated the circumference of the earth closely

Mathematics and Physics • Euclid/Pythagoras • Developed Geometry • Archimedes • Accurately estimated pi • Law of the lever • Ideas inspired many inventions (steam engine, force, pump)

Philosophy • Philosophers became concerned with how people lived their lives • Stoicism • Founded by Zeno • People should live in harmony with the will of god • Human desires, power, wealth=dangerous distractions • Promoted social unity • Epicureanism • Epicurus founded it • Gods who had no interest in humans ruled the universe • Only real objects were those with the senses • Today Epicurean means person deveoted to persuing human pleasures • Epicuriuspromoted moderation

Art • Hellenistic art Flourished in Alexandria • Wealthy merchants paid for art to honor the gods/heroes and portray ordinary people • Moved away from idealism of classical Greece and toward realism. • Colossus of Rhodes • Bronze statue over 100 feet high • Island of Rhodes • One of 7 wonders of ancient world • Nike • Winged victory of samothrace

Do Now: Start at Bell (be in seat working on DO NOW OR TARDY) End at 1:54 1: Do you have your book with you yes or no? (next class the do now will include a book check for points) 2: Why was sea travel important for ancient Greeks? (123-126) 3: What were the two most powerful city-states in early Greece? (127-133) 4: What were Pericles's Three goals for Athens? (134-141) 5: Why was Greece so easily conquered by Macedonia? (142-145)

Do Now: Start at Bell (be in seat working on DO NOW OR TARDY) End at 1: Do you have your book with you yes or no? 2: Why did the Greeks develop myths?(123-126) 3: What were the consequences of the Persian Wars?(127-133) 4: who were the Three greatest philosophers of the golden age? (134-141) 5: What was the full extent of Alexander’s empire before his death?(142-145) Missing 1 summary

Do Now: Start at Bell (be in seat working on DO NOW OR TARDY) • End at 9:40 • 1: Do you have your book with you yes or no? • 2: Copy the Visual summary on page 150 • 3: if you finish early work on Section 3 Assessment page 139 Q1-8 are due Sunday WE will work on it in class as much as we can.

Do Now: In proper seat at bell ring or tardy 1: Study for test last minute questions 8:40-8:50 2: Find appropriate test seating. (no one directly next to or in front of you) CLEAR DESK 8:50-8:55 3: Start UNIT TEST 8:55-9:20 END

10 th Grade World History 1 Quarter 2