10 th Grade World History 1 Quarter 2 Learning Targets:

1. 10th Grade World History 1 Quarter 2 Learning Targets: To Understand How Athenian and Spartan Governments Differed.

2. Do Now: 1: Why does the word Draconian mean “extreme cruelty or severity.” 2: Women in Athens were in charge of what? 3: What type of government did the Spartans have? 4: What did Spartan women say to men and boys when they went of to war? ii

3. Athens Builds Democracy • Democracy: Rule by the people • 621 B.C Draco made legal code • All Athenian Citizens equal under the law • Debt slavery ok • Punishment for most crimes is death • 594 B.C Solon Made reforms • No slavery • Organized 4 social classes according to wealth • Only top classes of people could be in government office • All citizens participate in the Assembly

4. Athens Builds Democracy • 500 B.C. Cleisthenes made reforms • Organized citizens into groups by where they lived instead of wealth • All citizens can submit laws for debate and passage • Created Council of 500 to suggest laws and council the assembly • Council members chosen at random • Reforms Made LIMITED Democracy • Citizen was restricted to only Free Adult Male property owners born in Athens. • Women and slaves and foreigners had few rights

5. Athenian Education • Education for Wealthy kids • Prepare them to be good citizens • Studied from age 7 • Studied grammar reading history math music poetry • Logic/public speaking • Developing the body was important: Athletics everyday • Military School later: Prepared to defend Athens

6. Sparta Builds a Military State • Isolated from Greece: Sparta was in the south of Peloponnesus • Different from Athens • Built Military State • 725 B.C Sparta took over the land of Messenia • Messenian people became HELOTS • Peasants forced to stay on the land they worked • Gave up half their crops each year to the Spartans • Outnumbered the Spartans 8-1 REVOLTED • Made the Spartans dedicated to making a strong military

7. Spartan Government • Government Oligarchy had several branches (Parts) • Assembly • Elected officials • Voted on major Issues • Council of Elders • 30 older citizens • Proposed laws for the Assembly to vote on • 5 Elected officials • Carried out laws passed by the Assembly • Controlled education • prosecuted court cases • Two Kings • Controlled the Military

8. Spartan Society • Social order had several groups • Citizens whose family was from Sparta • Ruling families who owned land (aristocracy) • Noncitizens who were free • Worked as merchants and traders and crafts men (made things) • Helots • Worked in fields or as servants (like slaves)

9. Spartan Daily Life • 600-371 B.C., Strongest Military in Greece • Culture focused on Military: • Yes: Discipline, Strength, duty • NO: Beauty, individuality, freedom, and learning • Lack of focus on Arts or writing or the mind • Spartan’s Trained to be the best and always win • All men served in army until age 60 • Boys age 7 moved to army barracks to train until age 30. • Always practicing being a warrior • No soft bed and only a little food • Women told sons and husbands going to war: “come back with your shield or on it.” • It means. You had better win.. Or die trying to win. • Unlike Athens Spartan women had lots of freedom • They must run the house while the husband is in the military.

10. Do Now: Start at Bell (be in seat working on DO NOW OR TARDY) End at 9:45 1: Why did only the rich serve in the army before bronze weapons? 2: What were Greek foot soldiers called? 3: What did Pheidippides Say when he reached Athens with news of victory? 4: Who were the heroes of the Battle of Thermopylae? 5: Who was the leader of the Delian League? ii

11. Persian Wars • NEW KIND OF ARMY • DORIAN AGE used bronze weapons • Only rich could afford • Only rich in military • Iron was harder and Cheaper • Merchants and artisans (middle class) could afford • Middle class in military • Hoplites (spear and shield foot soldiers) • Phalanx (FAY-langks) • Powerful disciplined side by side formation of Hoplites • Strongest in ancient world

12. Persian Wars • Greeks living in Ionia (western Anatolia (Turkey)) revolted against the Persian Empire when they took over Anatolia in 546. B.C. • Athens sent ships and men to help the Greeks • Persian King Darius put down revolt and vowed revenge on Athens • 490 B.C. 25,000 Persians sail to Marathon North East of Athens • 10,000 Athenians in Phalanx formation defeat them but leave Athens undefended

13. Pheidippidies • Young Pheidippides is chosen to race back to Athens to tell them not to give up the city • Dashes 26 miles from Marathon to Athens to say “Rejoice, we conquer.” then dies. • Athenian Troops get back in time to defend Athens • Pheidippides run is the reason for the 26 mile Marathons held around the world.

14. Xerxes tries againThermopylae • 490 B.C. Darius the Great’s son Xerxes marches HUGE force to destroy Athens. • Many Greeks were divided and did not fight • Persian army was stopped by 7000 Greeks at a narrow mountain pass for 3 days • Superior fighting skills weapons and Armor • Held back army for 3 days • 300 Spartans died holding the pass so the rest could retreat • Inspired the Greeks

15. Xerxes tries againSalamis • Athenians evacuated city into their boats to fight at sea • Hid in narrow channel near island of Salamis • Xerxes burned Athens and attacked • Smaller Greek ships with rams sunk 1/3 of Xerxes fleet • Persians on defensive from then on • Greeks eventually push Persians out of Greek territory

16. Consequences: Delian League/ Athenian Empire • Greeks felt UNIFIED after the defeat of the Persians • Formed the Delian League • Named for the Island of Delos where the headquarters started • Alliance of 200 City-States • Continued to press war against the Persians • Athens became its leader moved headquarters to Athens • Became basis for an Athenian lead empire • Athens was about to enter a GOLDEN AGE