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Egypt

Egypt. Pharaohs, Mummies, Pyramids. Review. Major River?. two types of soil?. What is inundation?. Last Nights Notes - Government. What led to the creation of local government? Who was in charge? What is a nome ? Nomarch ?. Upper Egypt. Lower Egypt. Trade.

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Egypt

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  1. Egypt

  2. Pharaohs, Mummies, Pyramids

  3. Review • Major River? • two types of soil? • What is inundation?

  4. Last Nights Notes - Government • What led to the creation of local government? • Who was in charge? • What is a nome? • Nomarch?

  5. Upper Egypt

  6. Lower Egypt

  7. Trade • Why was there a surplus in Egypt? • What does a surplus lead to? • Nile River would serve as a highway for the people of Upper and Lower Egypt!

  8. Upper and Lower Differences • Different cultures • Lower- These people were exposed to Mediterranean traders and their distinct cultures • Upper- Not as much exposure to Mediterranean traders • Different dialects • Differences cause a rift between the two kingdoms.

  9. Unification • 3100 B.C. King Menes of Upper Egypt conquered Lower Egypt.

  10. Unification cont. • Menes built a capital city at Memphis.

  11. Menes • Founded the first Egyptian dynasty. • 30 More to follow (330 Kings) • Killed by a hippo while hunting

  12. Chapter Two – The Pharaoh Intro • King known as Pharaoh • “He who lives in the great house”

  13. Pharaoh • Cartouche?

  14. Pharaoh • People believed the pharaoh was a god! • Never questioned! • Sinful to disobey – Ears chopped off! • High priest • Responsible for natural events Other responsibilities?

  15. Others who had the power • Relatives and heads of important families • Vizier – right hand man, advisor, second in charge • Handled everyday matters • Chancellor • Scribes • A bureaucracy formed

  16. Bureaucracy • is the collective organizational structure, procedures, protocols, and set of regulations in place to manage activity, usually in large organizations and government.

  17. Owner of all!!! – Absolute power • Owned everything – even souls • Belief in the powers of the pharaoh gave people security

  18. Childhood • 1st born son was the heir to the throne • Reading writing and math • Hunt and military training • Married cousin or sister – keep blood pure

  19. Thrones

  20. What did they wear?

  21. The look • Shaved heads, false beard, white linen skirts, jewelry, sandals

  22. Chapter III Old Kingdom 2700BC – 2200BC • First centralized government • Easy to govern because of the geography of Egypt, most people lived along the Nile • Pharaoh still seen as a god – people obeyed

  23. Jobs • Flooding and great soil produced more than enough food • Peasants worked hard took pride in their work • Food surplus + good economy = men having jobs other than farming • Ex: shipbuilders, architects, artists

  24. Trade • Who did the Egyptians trade with? • What did the Egyptians obtain from the Nubians?

  25. Copper Age • What was copper used for? • What did Pepi I do?

  26. Foreigners • Egyptians distrusted foreigners • Isolationists

  27. Where did writing come from? • Symbol writing made its way to Egypt from Mesopotamia. • Turned cuneiform into hieroglyphics

  28. Construction of the pyramids • 2600 B.C. mastery • Quarrying – perfect geometrically • Block by block approach • Ramps and sleds • Smooth sides

  29. Decline of the Old Kingdom • Old Kingdom many great achievements

  30. Cont. • Spent too much $$$ building pyramids • People did not pay taxes • Pharaoh delegated more power – more people given government jobs- more people entering the nobility- weakened the control pharaoh once had over the people

  31. Cont. • Pepi II / Neferkare last Old Kingdom pharaoh • 94, 90, 64 yr. reign • Too old most power with gov. officials – interested in personal wealth not the fate of Egypt • After Pepigov. fell apart • Egypt reverted back to the system of nomes that existed before Menes and the unification • Famine = end of Old Kingdom

  32. Dark Ages • What does this term mean? • Other examples?

  33. Middle Kingdom 2000-1700 B.C. Egypt is Reunited • Mentuhotep reunites Egypt – ruler of Thebes, defeated many nomarchs • Thebes new capital city • 12th Dynasty • Amenemhat I • Senusret • Amenemhat II • Senusret II • Senusret III - Senwosnet

  34. Back in power The Power of the Pharaoh is Restored • Took away nomarchs power

  35. The good life A Greater Sharing of the Wealth • Return of economic prosperity = middle class expansion • Golden age of art and literature

  36. Conquest The Conquest of Nubia • 250 ft channel to Nubia • Easily conquered Nubia • Gold

  37. Fayum

  38. Hyksos Invasion by the Hyksos • About 1750 B.C. • nomads from Palestine • Occupy the Delta region • Easily defeated Egypt • Why?

  39. + + + • There were some positives during the Hyksos occupation • Examples????

  40. New Kingdom 1500 – 1000 B.C. • Egyptians Fashion New Weaponry

  41. Hyksos Gone! The Invaders are Finally Driven Out • Sequenenra of Thebes begins the process of driving the Hyksos out of Egypt. • Died during battle • Sons Kamose and Ahmose finished the fight • Ahmose again reunited Upper and Lower Egypt

  42. Gaston Maspero on June 9, 1886

  43. Pharaoh’s and war A New Role for the Pharaoh • In the New Kingdom led military campaigns

  44. Thutmose • Thutmose I • Conquered Syria

  45. A Woman Gains Power! Egypt’s First Great Woman Leader • Hatshepsut could not stay in the background – made important decisions – ran Egypt • Made herself pharaoh • 1st great woman leader • 20yrs. • Dealt with trade, city beautification, and her afterlife • Peace and prosperity • Death????

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