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Pacific Marine Arctic Regional Synthesis (PacMARS)

Pacific Marine Arctic Regional Synthesis (PacMARS). Jacqueline Grebmeier 1 , Lee Cooper 1 , Carin Ashjian 2 , Bodil Bluhm 3 , Robert Campbell 4 , Kenneth Dunton 5 , James Moore 6 , Steve Okkonen 3 , Gay Sheffield 3 , John Trefry 7 , Sveta Yamin-Pasternak 3

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Pacific Marine Arctic Regional Synthesis (PacMARS)

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  1. Pacific Marine Arctic Regional Synthesis (PacMARS) Jacqueline Grebmeier1, Lee Cooper1, Carin Ashjian2, Bodil Bluhm3, Robert Campbell4, Kenneth Dunton5, James Moore6, Steve Okkonen3, Gay Sheffield3, John Trefry7, Sveta Yamin-Pasternak3 1Univerity of Maryland Center for Environmental Science, 2Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, 3University of Alaska Fairbanks, 4University of Rhode Island, 5The University of Texas at Austin, 6James Moore, National Center for Atmospheric Research, 7Florida Institute of Technology RUSALCA PI Meeting St. Petersburg, Russia 21-23 May 2013 http://pacmars.cbl.umces.edu Pacific Marine Arctic Regional Synthesis (PacMARS)

  2. Outline • What is PacMARS? • Ongoing synthesis activities • Preliminary science directions Background • Collaborative effort among US North Pacific Research Board and Marine Research Institute (NPRB)and National Science Foundation, Funding from Shell and ConocoPhillips, administered through NPRB • Part 1: PacMARS synthesis activities, organized around 6 themes • Part 2: identify key themes for future research • Advisors: Eddy Carmack(Fisheries and Oceans Canada) and Robert Ulanowicz(Chesapeake Biological Laboratory) • Agency advisory committee to ensure data flow, provide guidance Pacific Marine Arctic Regional Synthesis (PacMARS)

  3. Theme 1: Ice cover, primary production relationships, currents, winds, bathymetry CTD spatio-temporal distribution United States Russia Graphs by Steve Okkonen Pacific Marine Arctic Regional Synthesis (PacMARS)

  4. Theme 2: Phenology of biological production cycles in relation to physical environment Integrated Water Column Chlorophyll – Station Locations Data sources: Matrai et al. 2011 (bottle data 1954-2004), being updated with ICESCAPE, C30, RUSALCA, Canadian Beaufort Sea data [C. Ashjian] Pacific Marine Arctic Regional Synthesis (PacMARS)

  5. Theme 2: Phenology of biological production cycles in relation to physical environmentIntegrated (0-100 m) Chlorophyll (mg m-2), July-Sept [C. Ashjian] Pacific Marine Arctic Regional Synthesis (PacMARS)

  6. Theme 2: Phenology of biological production cycles in relation to physical environmentIndicator of food supply: zooplankton • Data sources: Ashjian & Campbell, ArcOD/ Hopcroft, EOL, IOS, OBIS, et al. • Regional foci per decade limit analysis of long-term patterns • Goals: link with pelagic production, predator distributions and water mass tracers Graphs by C. Ashjian, R. Campbell Pacific Marine Arctic Regional Synthesis (PacMARS)

  7. Theme 3: Benthic-pelagic coupling in relation to physical-chemical environmentBenthic infaunal biomass • Data sources: Grebmeier (1980-2010), Stoker, (1970s), Feder (1980s), Blanchard (2008-2011) • Benthic infauna is indicator of benthic-pelagic coupling • Hot spot: St. Lawrence Island Polynya, Chirikov Basin, Hope Basin, Barrow Canyon Based on van Veen grabs, 1 mm mesh Graph: J. Grebmeier, EOL Map Server [infaunal standing stock, 1->100 gC m-2] Pacific Marine Arctic Regional Synthesis (PacMARS)

  8. Theme 3: Benthic-pelagic coupling in relation to physical-chemical environmentBenthic epifauna biomass • Data sources: WEBSEC, OCSEAP, CSESP, Feder (2005), Hidden Ocean, Norton Sound survey, RUSALCA, Oshoru Maru, COMIDA, others • Epifauna biomass influenced by bottom T/S, sediment features, carbon supply/prey field; contribute to remineralization; mobility distributes organic carbon Sampling coverage Biomass plot: Sub-set of data sources that used same beam trawl (2.26 m opening, 7 mm mesh, 4 mm cod end liner); Graph: B. Bluhm, A. Bayard Pacific Marine Arctic Regional Synthesis (PacMARS)

  9. Theme 4: Current state of lower trophic prey-base and higher trophic feeding hot spotsBenthic community structure (infauna) • Data sources: Grebmeier (1980-present), Stoker (1970s), Feder (1980s), Blanchard (2008-2011 being added) • Prey base for invertebrates and vertebrates dominated by four taxa Based on van Veen grabs, 1 mm mesh; graph: J. Grebmeier , A. Bayard Pacific Marine Arctic Regional Synthesis (PacMARS)

  10. Theme 4: Current state of lower trophic prey-base and higher trophic feeding hot spotsBenthic community structure: epifaunal species richness • Data sources: Blanchard, Bluhm/Iken, Feder, Frost & Llowry, Lovvorn • Goal: link benthic biodiversity data to productivity gradients to anticipate future diversity changes Graph by B. Bluhm, A. Bayard Pacific Marine Arctic Regional Synthesis (PacMARS)

  11. Theme 4: Current state of lower trophic prey-base and higher trophic feeding hot spotsFeeding infaunal hot spots: Walrus habitat use • Data sources: Grebmeier (2008-2010); Jay, Fischbach (USGS) • Satellite-tagged walrus movements over benthic communities identifies feeding sites in different benthic community types Graph by Jay, Fischbach (USGS), Grebmeier (CBL) Photos: Bluhm, Iken, Voronkov, www.alaska-in-pictures.com, www.invertebrates.si.edu Pacific Marine Arctic Regional Synthesis (PacMARS)

  12. Theme 1-4: Food webLongitudinal trends in isotopic gradients in sediment carbon Beaufort Sea Chukchi Sea Canning River Mackenzie River Russia Alaska Yukon River Bering Sea [Dunton et al. 2012, Estuaries and Coasts] Pacific Marine Arctic Regional Synthesis (PacMARS)

  13. Theme 1-4: Food webLongitudinal trends in consumer isotopic values • Data sources: Dunton • Increasing dependence of both lower (benthic polychaetes) and upper trophic (pelagic carnivorous arctic cod) level consumers on terrestrial organic matter based on decreased N isotopic values. Photograph by S. Harper Graphs by K. Dunton Pacific Marine Arctic Regional Synthesis (PacMARS)

  14. Theme 5: Subsistence LifestylesSynthesis social science aspects Braund & Associates 2009 Druckenmiller et al. 2011. Pacific Marine Arctic Regional Synthesis (PacMARS)

  15. Theme 5: Subsistence LifestylesRegional Community Meetings BARROW Barrow Wainwright Point Lay Nuiqsut Kaktovik FEBRUARY 11 KOTZEBUE Kotzebue Point Hope Kivalina Buckland FEBRUARY 22 NOME Nome / Diomede / Wales King I. / Brevig Mission Teller / Shishmaref FEBRUARY 25 ST. LAWRENCE I. Gambell Savoonga JANUARY 28-29 Pacific Marine Arctic Regional Synthesis (PacMARS)

  16. Theme 6: Chemical contaminants in sediment and biota Trefry, Cooper, COMIDA unpubl. Pacific Marine Arctic Regional Synthesis (PacMARS) Data sources: ANIMIDA, cANIMIDA, UAF (Naidu et al. 2012), Shell Camden Bay & Harrison Bay, COMIDA, CSESP Data being acquired/evaluated from: ACADIS, AMAP, ADF&G, BERPAC, USFWS, NMML, PWID, NSB, OCSEAP, SNACS

  17. Thanks – Questions? Photo: K. Iken/S. Harper Thank you. Any questions? • Acknowledgements. Advisory Committee, E Carmack, R Ulanowicz, UCAR EOL Team J Moore, J Scannell, D Stott, A Bayard, T Whiteaker, and the many contributors and data providers. Pacific Marine Arctic Regional Synthesis (PacMARS)

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