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Metamorphic Rock Notes

Metamorphic Rock Notes. Metamorphism. Metamorphism is a process that changes the shape of something. Metamorphic rocks are those whose structure, texture, or composition has changed. Formation. Metamorphic rocks form by heat, pressure, or a combination of the two. Temperature.

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Metamorphic Rock Notes

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  1. Metamorphic Rock Notes

  2. Metamorphism Metamorphism is a process that changes the shape of something. Metamorphic rocks are those whose structure, texture, or composition has changed.

  3. Formation Metamorphic rocks form by heat, pressure, or a combination of the two.

  4. Temperature Most metamorphism occurs between 50˚C and 1000 ˚C. (50˚C=122˚Fand 1000˚C=1832˚F).

  5. Types of Metamorphism Two types of metamorphism are contact and regional.

  6. Contact Metamorphism • Magma moves through the crust • Heats surrounding rock and changes it • Increased temperature causes minerals to change into other minerals • Magma in direct contact with surrounding rock = greatest change • Greater distance from magma = lower temperature = less change • Occurs near igneous intrusions

  7. Regional Metamorphism • Pressure builds up in rock buried deep below other rock formations… • OR large pieces of Earth’s crust collide with each other • Increased temperature and pressure cause rock to become deformed and chemically changed • Occurs deep within Earth’s crust over thousands of kilometers

  8. Composition • Metamorphic rocks are composed of minerals that change as temperature and pressure are applied. Calcite Garnet Quartz Hematite

  9. Index Minerals • Index minerals are minerals that only form at certain temperatures and pressures. • Some common index minerals are biotite mica, chlorite, garnet, kyanite, muscovite mica, sillimanite, and staurolite.

  10. Texture • The texture of metamorphic rocks is broken down into two groups: foliated and nonfoliated.

  11. Foliated • Foliated: The texture of metamorphic rock in which the mineral grains are arranged in planes or bands

  12. Nonfoliated • Nonfoliated: The texture of metamorphic rock in which the mineral grains are not arranged in planes or bands. • Commonly made of only one or a few minerals

  13. Foliated or Nonfoliated?

  14. Foliated or Nonfoliated? Nonfoliated Foliated Foliated

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