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HAEMATURIA (Whistle-stop tour). Sarah-jayne Pollock GPST1 04/09/2019. Objectives. Definition Causes Assessment Referral guidelines. Haematuria. Haematuria is the presence of red blood cells in the urine. It can either be: Macroscopic (Visible / gross haematuria ) Microscopic
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HAEMATURIA(Whistle-stop tour) Sarah-jayne Pollock GPST1 04/09/2019
Objectives • Definition • Causes • Assessment • Referral guidelines
Haematuria • Haematuria is the presence of red blood cells in the urine. It can either be: • Macroscopic • (Visible / gross haematuria ) • Microscopic • (Non-visible / dipstick positive haematuria)
Pyelonephritis Glomerulonephritis Lithiasis Acute Cystitis Prostate: Ca / BPH Inherited diseases (SCD, Polycystic Kidney Disease) Medications Tumors Injury Exercise [Beeturia] Location! Location! Location
History Smoking; Occupation Examination BP Urinalysis Routine Bloods PCR Investigate USS KUB CT KUB Cystoscopy Assessment
Significant Haematuria • Any single episode of macroscopic haematuria • Any single episode of microscopic haematuria in the absence of a UTI or other transient cause • Persistent asymptomatic microscopic haematuria
When to Refer • According to the BAUS website… • Your GP will arrange urgent referral to the Haematuria Clinic of your local urology unit if: • you are over the age of 45 years, and have visible blood in the urine in the absence of infection • the blood fails to clear following antibiotic treatment for urinary infection • you have non-visible bleeding but significant urinary symptoms • you have non-visible bleeding, and you are over the age of 60 years with a high white blood count on a blood sample or discomfort when you are passing urine