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CELL STRUCTURE & FUNCTION

CELL STRUCTURE & FUNCTION. Chapter 7 – Part 1 CP Biology Paul VI Catholic High School. CELL STRUCTURE & FUNCTION. HISTORY: 1600’S Anton van Leeuwenhoek 1665 Robert Hooke 1838 Matthias Schleiden 1839 Theodor Schwann 1855 Rudolph Virchow. CELL STRUCTURE & FUNCTION.

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CELL STRUCTURE & FUNCTION

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  1. CELL STRUCTURE & FUNCTION Chapter 7 – Part 1 CP Biology Paul VI Catholic High School

  2. CELL STRUCTURE & FUNCTION HISTORY: 1600’S Anton van Leeuwenhoek 1665 Robert Hooke 1838 Matthias Schleiden 1839 Theodor Schwann 1855 Rudolph Virchow

  3. CELL STRUCTURE & FUNCTION Anton van Leeuwenhoek

  4. CELL STRUCTURE & FUNCTION Robert Hooke 1665

  5. CELL STRUCTURE & FUNCTION Matthias Schleiden 1838

  6. CELL STRUCTURE & FUNCTION Theodor Schwann 1839

  7. CELL STRUCTURE & FUNCTION Rudolf Virchow 1855

  8. CELL STRUCTURE & FUNCTION CELL THEORY: • All living things are composed of cells • Cells are the basic unit of structure & function in living things • New cells are produced from pre-existing cells

  9. CELL STRUCTURE & FUNCTION BASIC CELL STRUCTURE: ALLCells have: Cell Membrane Cytosol

  10. CELL STRUCTURE & FUNCTION SOMECELLS HAVE: Nucleus Cytoplasm

  11. CELL STRUCTURE & FUNCTION CELL CATEGORIES: EUKARYOTIC CELLS (Eukaryotes) PROKARYOTIC CELLS (Prokaryotes)

  12. CELL STRUCTURE & FUNCTION • EUKARYOTES: • Contain nucleus • Have Cell Membrane • Cytoplasm • Organelles • Include Plant, Animal, Fungi, and many Microorganisms

  13. CELL STRUCTURE & FUNCTION

  14. CELL STRUCTURE & FUNCTION

  15. CELL STRUCTURE & FUNCTION • PROKARYOTES: • Smaller, Simpler Cells • Cell Membranes • NO Nuclei • ALL Bacteria are Prokaryotes • Examples - • E. coli • S. Aureus

  16. CELL STRUCTURE & FUNCTION CELL SIZE Average Cell 5-50μm Surface Area 4πr2 Volume 4/3πr3 Cell Surface is interface between internal and external environment

  17. CELL STRUCTURE & FUNCTION A small cell has a greater ratio of surface area to volume than a large cell of the same shape. – This ratio limits cell size!

  18. CELL STRUCTURE & FUNCTION • CELL STRUCTURES: • 1. CELL WALL: • Found in Plants, Algae, Fungi and many Prokaryotes • Function - Support & Protection • External to Cell Membrane

  19. CELL STRUCTURE & FUNCTION 1a. BACTERIAL CELL WALL: Characteristics: Peptidoglycan Gram + Gram – Encapsulated

  20. CELL STRUCTURE & FUNCTION

  21. CELL STRUCTURE & FUNCTION

  22. CELL STRUCTURE & FUNCTION 1b. PLANT CELL WALLS: Green Plants - Primary Cellulose Woody Plants - Secondary Lignin

  23. CELL STRUCTURE & FUNCTION

  24. CELL STRUCTURE & FUNCTION (CELL STRUCTURES - cont’d) 2. NUCLEUS Robert Brown (1831) Chromatin/Chromosome Nucleoplasm Nucleolus Nuclear Envelope

  25. CELL STRUCTURE & FUNCTION Brown’s Microscope Robert Brown

  26. CELL STRUCTURE & FUNCTION

  27. CELL STRUCTURE & FUNCTION

  28. CELL STRUCTURE & FUNCTION

  29. CELL STRUCTURE & FUNCTION

  30. CELL STRUCTURE & FUNCTION

  31. CELL STRUCTURE & FUNCTION Additional Organelles: You are responsible for the name, structure, function and visual recognition of the following organelles: 3. Ribosome 4. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) Smooth ER Rough ER 5. Golgi Apparatus 6. Vacuole 7. Lysosome 8. Mitochondrion 9. Chloroplast

  32. Smooth endoplasmicreticulum Nucleus Roughendoplasmicreticulum Flagellum Not in mostplant cells Lysosome Ribosomes Centriole Golgiapparatus Peroxisome Microtubule Plasma membrane Intermediatefilament Cytoskeleton Mitochondrion Microfilament CELL STRUCTURE & FUNCTION

  33. Roughendoplasmicreticulum Nucleus Ribosomes Smoothendoplasmicreticulum Golgiapparatus Microtubule Centralvacuole Intermediatefilament Cytoskeleton Not inanimalcells Microfilament Chloroplast Cell wall Mitochondrion Peroxisome Plasma membrane CELL STRUCTURE & FUNCTION

  34. CELL STRUCTURE & FUNCTION CYTOSKELETON: a. Microtubules b. Intermediate filaments c. Actin filaments /Microfilaments * Know Structure and function of each

  35. CELL STRUCTURE & FUNCTION Strengthen Cell Stabilize cell relative to other cells Most durable “Rope-like” Structure Provide Stability (vimentin) Long, thin fibers “String of Pearls” Concentrated in Cortex Amoeboid Motion Hollow tube MTOC

  36. CELL STRUCTURE & FUNCTION A. Microtubules Functions – • Structural Role • Movement of Chromosomes • Structural Component of Cilia and Flagella • Track for motor proteins

  37. CELL STRUCTURE & FUNCTION A. Microtubules Plus End (+) Away from MTOC (Toward Nucleus) Minus End (-) Toward the MTOC

  38. CELL STRUCTURE & FUNCTION INTRACELLULAR MOTOR MOLECULES Examples- KINESIN: Move Organelles toward (+) end DYNEIN: Move Organelles toward (-) end Kinesin Walking YouTube The inner Life of the Cell Video

  39. CELL STRUCTURE & FUNCTION

  40. CELL STRUCTURE & FUNCTION

  41. CELL STRUCTURE & FUNCTION B. Intermediate Filaments: Function - Strengthen Cell Stabilize Position organelles Stabilize cell relative to other cells

  42. CELL STRUCTURE & FUNCTION • C. Actin filaments (Microfilaments) • Function : • Anchor Cytoskeleton to cell membrane • Determine consistency of cytoplasm • Interact with Myosin (motor molecule) for muscle contraction • Muscle Contraction Video

  43. CELL STRUCTURE &FUNCTION

  44. CELL STRUCTURE & FUNCTION CELL MOVEMENT: 1. Crawling: Actin/Myosin Gel-Sol States Pseudopod Formation 2. Pinching Actin filaments Animal cells Cytokinesis

  45. CELL STRUCTURE & FUNCTION

  46. CELL STRUCTURE & FUNCTION Amoeba

  47. CELL STRUCTURE & FUNCTION

  48. CELL STRUCTURE & FUNCTION

  49. CELL STRUCTURE & FUNCTION Cytokinesis of Animal Cell

  50. CELL STRUCTURE & FUNCTION Actin filament causing cell separation

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