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53:071 Principles of Hydraulics Laboratory Experiment #2 Local Losses in Pipe Flows

53:071 Principles of Hydraulics Laboratory Experiment #2 Local Losses in Pipe Flows. Li-Chuan Chen, Marian Muste, and Larry Weber. Objective. To determine the head loss coefficient for a designated pipe fitting and its Reynolds’ number dependence. Principle. Apparatus — Standard Pipe.

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53:071 Principles of Hydraulics Laboratory Experiment #2 Local Losses in Pipe Flows

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  1. 53:071 Principles of HydraulicsLaboratory Experiment #2Local Losses in Pipe Flows Li-Chuan Chen, Marian Muste, and Larry Weber

  2. Objective • To determine the head loss coefficient for a designated pipe fitting and its Reynolds’ number dependence.

  3. Principle

  4. Apparatus — Standard Pipe • Geometrical characteristics for the pipeline system can be found in the appendices in the handout.

  5. Apparatus — Streamlined Pipe • Geometrical characteristics for the pipeline system can be found in the appendices in the handout.

  6. What are we going to do? • We are going to measure the upstream and downstream piezometric heads of a 90° bend for both standard and streamlined pipes.

  7. Procedures • Bleed the pipe system and tubings. • Establish stabilized maximum discharge in the system. • Measure the water temperature. • Record the weir notch elevation. • Measure the datum. • Measure the piezometric heads for Tap 11, 12, 15, and 16. • Measure the head on weir. • Reduce the discharge and repeat Step 6 and 7 for four smaller discharges. • Switch to another pipe and repeat Step 1 to 8.

  8. Standard Pipe Streamlined Pipe Trial # 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5 Water Temp. (F) Weir Notch Elev. (ft) Water Surface Elev. (ft) Datum (ft Hg) Piez. head (ft Hg) Tap 11 Tap 12 Tap 15 Tap 16 Data Sheet

  9. Analysis • Compute velocity, piezometric, and energy heads at each pressure tap. • Compute the loss coefficient (K) and Reynolds’ number (Re) for each trial. • Plot K vs. Re for both standard and streamlined pipes. • Compare the experiment results with empirical values and trends found in hydraulics and fluids textbooks.

  10. Sample Result

  11. Further Consideration • Discuss the dependence of K to Re. Does it agree with the published values and trends? • If the device and approach pipe are taken to be a 1:50 scale model of a prototype situation, calculate the prototype horsepower that would be required to overcome the losses in the prototype device.

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