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World History

World History. 5/19/14. Warm-up. Write the major event regarding French government in each of these years. 1830 1832 1848 1852 1870. Franco-Prussian War. 1868 Spanish Revolution: overthrow the Queen, meaning they need a new monarch.

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World History

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  1. World History 5/19/14

  2. Warm-up • Write the major event regarding French government in each of these years. • 1830 • 1832 • 1848 • 1852 • 1870

  3. Franco-Prussian War • 1868 Spanish Revolution: overthrow the Queen, meaning they need a new monarch. • They search for a new monarch—the French don’t want it to be a German prince. • Tensions between France and Prussia lead to war—German states support Prussia • This 1870 war finalizes Prussian unification into…GERMANY

  4. WHAT IF • Napoleon III had ignored Wilhelm I’s warmongering & just waited to see what happened in Spain? • Wilhelm & Bismarck may not have seized French land or united the German Empire—no World War I or World War II!

  5. But let’s backtrack a little… • Congress of Vienna (1815): meeting establishing peace after Napoleon • Led by Klemens von Metternich

  6. Klemens von Metternich • Wealthy politician—wanted to return Europe to pre-1789 conditions. • Against republics, voting, & freedom of the people. • Why does he hate these new governments?

  7. Impact of Congress Of Vienna & Metternich • Attempt to balance powers within Europe—boundaries are changed to keep another superpower from emerging. • Metternich’s policies of oppression and absolutism lead to revolutions around the continent.

  8. Prince Metternich • “The old Europe is nearing its end.”

  9. 4th period • After the Congress of Vienna in ____, Klemens von Metternich encouraged __________________________. This led to __________________________.

  10. Post-Napoleonic Europe • Read about Post-Napoleonic Europe. • Summarize each heading in a few sentences.

  11. Choose one of the following • Create a poster for Young Italy. • What is your cause? • Who is involved? Who are you recruiting? • Write your own version of the Blood & Iron speech. • What were Bismarck’s opinions at the time? • How would he have expressed them?

  12. Essential Question 1 • Which leaders were most pivotal in changing the political organization of Europe after Napoleon?

  13. Pre-WWI events • Lots of events around the globe—keep the EQ in mind.

  14. The Ottoman Empire • The Ottoman Empire never returned to its glory after Suleiman the Magnificent • What would happen to the balance of power if they collapsed? This is called the Eastern Question. • France & Great Britain prop up the empire.

  15. Crimean War • Ottomans control Jerusalem & give Roman Catholics control of the holy places there. • Orthodox Russia invades the Ottoman Empire. France & England help the Ottomans. • Lasts two years—Russians lose in a bloody war. • First use of railways, telegraphs, & ironclads! • Florence Nightingale: famous British nurse who saved many. 10x lower death rate than other hospitals.

  16. Balkan Wars • Rise of nationalism led to discontent in the Ottoman Empire. • 1912 & 1913: four Balkan nations win independence from the Ottomans (Bulgaria, Greece, Serbia, & Montenegro)

  17. Britain in India • Mughal Empire is collapsing and Europeans have new, effective weapons. • British East India Company (a business!) controls India. • Introduce the English language, ban Indian customs, and spread Christianity. • 1857: Sepoy Mutiny (sepoys = Indian soldiers in British army) • Two years of fighting before the British government steps in and rules India directly.

  18. British Raj • Raj: Hindi word for “rule” • British Raj industrializes India—railroads needed for trade. • Indian nationalism begins; resentful of British changes • Indian National Congress founded to request better representation • Nationalism becomes radical—swadeshi (boycott of British goods) from 1905-1908. • Muslim League: Muslim Indians, not Hindus like INC, to advocate for India • Indian National Congress + Muslim League = desire for independence in coming years.

  19. China & foreign influence • Qing dynasty is losing power; British begin to exert influence over China. • British trade opium (drug) to China in return for tea and other goods. Leads to Opium Wars, which expand foreign influence in China. • Rebellions in 1850s against the Qing: Taiping Rebellion • Hong Xiuquan vs. Qing leaders; lasted from 1850-1864 and killed 20 million Chinese • Qing come out on top and decide to reform government; leads to industrialization

  20. Chinese Rebellions • Boxer Rebellion: 1899-1900 • Hatred of foreign influence which led to killing of missionaries and Christian converts. • Government supports Boxers, but they are defeated by an alliance of foreigner armies. • Xinhai (1911) Revolution: led by Sun Yat-sen • Belief in nationalism, democracy, & unity • Qing overthrown due to weakness, resentment, & foreign influence • Republic of China founded in 1912

  21. Meiji Restoration • In Japan, the Tokugawa Shogunate allows too much foreign influence. This leads to the rule of Emperor Meiji & the Meiji Restoration. • Beginning in 1868, Japan begins to industrialize and build an empire. • Japan’s economic power rivals the U.S.; they defeat China and Russia in wars to become the most powerful Asian country.

  22. Scramble for Africa • European countries try to gain political control of the continent from 1880-1914. • Imperialism & nationalism fueled the desire of European countries to gain more colonies than others. • 1884-1885: Berlin Conference—European leaders divide up Africa based on their own interests. Don’t pay attention to ethnic divisions. • Africans resist: Shaka & Zulus lose to British; Menelik II & Ethiopians maintain independence against the Italians.

  23. Berlin Conference • Yellow: Belgian • Red: British • Blue: French • Green: German • Neon Green: Italian • Purple: Portuguese • Pink: Spanish

  24. Foreign influence in Latin America • Monroe Doctrine wanted to keep Europe out of the Americas. • Spanish colony of Cuba begins fighting for independence; advocate Jose Marti is killed. • Yellow journalism (sensationalist) is published against Spain. • U.S. battleship explodes in Havana, Cuba—Spanish obviously blamed. • Spanish-American War (1898): Spanish destroyed in three months. • U.S. (ironically) makes Cuba a protectorate, rather than an independent state.

  25. American imperialism • Roosevelt Corollary: “Chronic wrongdoing…in the Western Hemisphere…may force the United States, however reluctantly…to the exercise of an international police power.” • Speak softly and carry a big stick. • Panama Canal—U.S. helps Panama achieve independence so they can build the canal & save 8,000 miles on journey from NYC to San Francisco.

  26. Russian conditions • Russia still ruled by tsars—absolute power. • Agricultural society (not yet industrialized); serfs are abused • Pogroms occur—waves of violent attacks on Jews (blamed for the assassination of Tsar Alexander II)

  27. Russo-Japanese War • Japan’s empire views Russia as a threat. • Two sides are competing for Manchuria and Korea. • Japan attacks Russia. • Tsar Nicholas II continues fighting for too long; people are unhappy and Russia loses.

  28. Russian Revolution of 1905 • Socialist ideas of Marx spread to Russia • Vladimir Lenin begins to call for an end to the autocratic government. • Jan. 22, 1905: “Bloody Sunday” • Russian protestors fired upon; hundreds killed • Strikes shut down the Trans-Siberian Railroad • Nicholas II writes the October Manifesto—more freedom for Russians & a representative body called the Duma. • Nicholas II still retains a lot of power, though…

  29. Essential Question 2 • What factors fueled events in the late 19th and early 20th centuries?

  30. MAIN factors • There were four MAIN factors that led up to World War I: • Militarism • Alliances • Imperialism • Nationalism

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