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Chapter 18

Chapter 18. Jennifer Thomas. Chapter 18. Section 1 The New Frontier. Bell Ringer (on notes). Picture a political campaign for President waged without television appearances, interviews, or campaign commercials. How would voters learn about the candidates?

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Chapter 18

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  1. Chapter 18 Jennifer Thomas

  2. Chapter 18 Section 1 The New Frontier

  3. Bell Ringer (on notes) Picture a political campaign for President waged without television appearances, interviews, or campaign commercials. How would voters learn about the candidates? What do voters learn about candidates from television?

  4. mandate • A set of wishes expressed to a candidate by his or her voters.

  5. New frontier • President Kennedy’s proposals to improve the economy, help the poor, and advance the space program.

  6. Warren commission • Commission, headed by Chief Justice Earl Warren, that investigated the assassination of President Kennedy.

  7. Main Idea Before his assassination in 1963, President John F. Kennedyproposed a number of domestic programs to improve the economy and address the issues of inequality, including poverty and civil rights. Most of Kennedy’s proposals were defeated in Congress.

  8. On September 26, 1960, millions of Americans turned on their televisions to watch as two presidential candidates faced off in the first televised debate.

  9. The Election of 1960 • John Fitzgerald Kennedy • Democrat from Massachusetts • 43 years old • Roman Catholic(which had never won a Presidential Election before) • Campaigned to spur a sluggish economy • “Get America moving again”

  10. Winners and losers • Kennedy beat Nixon by a slim margin. • Electoral vote was 303 to 219, but Kennedy only won by 120,000 popular votes. • As a result he entered office without a strong mandate, or a set of wishes expressed to a candidate by his or her voters.

  11. “Let the word go forth from this time and place, to friend and foe alike, that the torch has been passed to a new generation of Americans, born in this century, tempered by war, disciplined by a hard and bitter peace…And so, my fellow Americans, ask not what your country can do for you; ask what you can do for your country.” • John F. Kennedy, Inaugural Address

  12. Camelot

  13. How would you describe the kennedy administration? Buoyant Energetic Full of Optimism Youthful

  14. Public Opinion about the Kennedys • Jacqueline Kennedycharmed country with her grace • They EntertainedNobel Prizewinners, played touch football on the White House lawn, and went on hikes • They were admired as a family

  15. Kennedy’s domestic policy • New Frontier • proposals to improve the economy, help the poor, and advance the space program.

  16. Concerns about the recession • Kennedy faced resistance from business executives • 1962, US Steel increased priceon steel by $6 per ton, other companies did the same • Kennedy ordered an investigation due to price fixing • US Steel and other companies backed down causing a steep market decline, the worst since the Great Crash of 1929

  17. Cutting Taxes • 1963, Kennedy called for a $13.5 billion tax cut over three years • Purpose was to reduce government income and create a budget deficit at first • Believed that the extra money in taxpayers pockets would stimulate the economy • Outcome: got it got stuck in Congress and had little chance of passing

  18. Combating Poverty and inequality • Concerns about the impoverished • Kennedy believed he could help the poor by stimulating the economy • According to author Michael Harrington and the book “The Other America”, 1/5of Americans were living below the poverty line • Kennedy believed this group needed direct assistance

  19. Kennedy’s Plan • Aid plans for education and medical care for the aged failed in Congress • Minimum wage raised • Housing Act of 1961, provided $4.9 billion for urban renewal • Congress approved the 24th Amendment which ended poll tax, which kept poor African Americans from voting (used in 5 southern states)

  20. The space program • 1957 NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Agency • Many industries and government agencies began working together after the Soviets launched Sputnik • Planned to put a manned spacecraft and have it orbit the Earth

  21. Mercury Space Program • 1959, 7 test pilots trained to be astronauts • Kennedy’s task force recommended unmanned missions • April 1961, Soviets put Yuri Gagarin aboard the spacecraft Vostok and he orbited the Earth

  22. What was the fear about the Soviet launch of Vostok? That America was once again losing its competitive edge.

  23. Freedom launch • Alan Shepard (1:41 minutes)

  24. Kennedy’s Challenge • May 25, 1961 • The United States should “commit itself to achieving the goal, before this decade is out, of landing a man on the moon.”

  25. The space program (Cont.) • Challenge Accepted • Funding for the space program was increased • February 20, 1962, John Glenn completed threeorbits around the Earth and landed in the Atlantic Ocean near the Bahamas.

  26. July 20, 1969 • Neil Armstrong (1:10 minutes)

  27. Lunar Landing: Your thoughts • Look carefully at the photograph on the next slide. • With your shoulder partner, create a list of reasons (at least 5) of why the landing could be considered a hoax (faked). • You may use information from prior knowledge, videos you have seen, information you have heard. • Try to stick to “facts”.

  28. Good Mythical Morning • Did we Land on the Moon?(12:37 minutes)

  29. Essay: My Thoughts on Lunar Landing • Take a moment and write five or more sentences on your thoughts. • Was the landing a hoax? • What made you change your mind, if you did? What made you keep the same thought? • How does this video effect the way you “think” about history? • What else did you want to know?

  30. Paragraph: My thoughts on the kennedy assassination • Briefly construct a paragraph in which you describe your thoughts on the Kennedy assassination. • You may talk with your shoulder partner for help. • What stories have you heard? • Who was responsible? • Why does this assassination have such a varied history? • Why would someone want to kill JFK?

  31. Kennedy is assassinated • November 22, 1963 • Kennedy went to Texas to mobilized support for re-election • He traveled to Dallas with Jacqueline and met Texas Gov. Connally and his wife Nelly at the airport

  32. They traveled in an open-air limousine • Thousands of supporters lined the motorcade route

  33. Details of the day • Suddenly shots were fired! • Both Kennedy and Connally were struck • While the governor was only wounded, the President was pronounced dead after his arrival at Parkland Memorial Hospital

  34. The Nation Mourns • The country was devastated at the news of the assassination of the President • As the country waited for answers, a commission was formed to determine who was responsible

  35. The Prime Suspect • Lee Harvey Oswald • Former Marine • Supporter of Communistic leader Fidel Castro • Employee of the Texas School Book Depository

  36. The Transfer and Fallout • As Oswald was being moved from jail to jail, he was attacked… • Jack Ruby fatally shot Oswald in front of reporters and on live television!

  37. The Warren Commission • The commission was headed by Chief Justice Earl Warren (the same man that was the lawyer at the Brown vs. Board of Education Trial.) • After months of investigating, it was determined that Oswald was the lone assassin.

  38. The zapruder film • Actual footage of the film…viewer discretion advised!(0:32 minutes)

  39. Conspiracy • People believed that Oswald was involved in a larger conspiracy and was killed as a cover up to protect others that helped plan Kennedy’s assassination

  40. Kennedy Assassination Conspiracy Theories (7:42minutes)

  41. Conspiracy • Most current theories put forth a criminal conspiracy involving parties as varied as the CIA, the Mafia, anti-Castro Cuban exile groups, the military industrial complex, sitting Vice President Lyndon B. Johnson, Cuban President Fidel Castro, FBI director J. Edgar Hoover, the KGB, or some combination of those entities. • In an article published prior to the 50th anniversary of Kennedy's assassination, author Vincent Bugliosi estimates that a total of 42 groups, 82 assassins, and 214 people have been accused in conspiracy theories challenging the "lone gunman" theory.

  42. Essay: my thoughts on jfk’s assassination…now • After watching the conspiracy video, have your thoughts changed? • How have they changed? • Why would someone want to cover up the assassination? • What does the “cover-up” say about our government?

  43. Lyndon Banes Johnson • 90 minutes after Kennedy’s death, LBJ was taking the oath of office…sadly, Jacqueline was at his side

  44. Johnson’s Success • He was able to use the spirit that Kennedy embodied and enacted much of the legislationthat Kennedy attempted to push through Congress

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