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Referencing and Plagiarism. Types of information. “There are known knowns . These are things we know that we know. There are known unknowns. That is to say, there are things that we know we don't know. But there are also unknown unknowns. There are things we don't know we don't know.”
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Types of information “There are known knowns. These are things we know that we know. There are known unknowns. That is to say, there are things that we know we don't know. But there are also unknown unknowns. There are things we don't know we don't know.” Donald Rumsfeld
What do you need to reference? • Statistics, • Ideas, • Definitions • Theories • Images • Graphs • Media – films, TV programmes, radio broadcasts • Podcasts/Youtube • Research • Case studies Anything that is NOT Common Knowledge
What is Common Knowledge? • Things you already know. • Facts, Dates – Battle of Hastings 1066, London is the Capital of England • Widely known facts within a discipline – Chemical symbols, known experts and associated theories – unless you are agreeing with someone’s opinion on them! • Some opinions – evolution theory IF IN DOUBT CITE IT!
Paraphrasing • Putting other people’s ideas into your own words. • Make sure you have understood what is being said and you are not misrepresenting or interpretng the original argument. • Make sure you reference the author of the original text. • One-third Two-third rule: 2/3 of your work should be in your own words 1/3 from the writing of others
Plagairism • Copying – other people’s work without reference, other students work, chunks from the internet and pasting them together, buying an essay, using your own work for different uses… • Not acknowledging where you got the information you are using • Not using speech marks when quoting • Using other people’s ideas, passing them off as your own or without referencing them
How to avoid • Reference all works you take notes from before you start making notes… for websites include date of access and URL • Don’t cut and paste – note and quote • Highlight any quotes in your notes – different colour pen or highlighter so you know what is a quote, add the citation (reference) as you quote. • If you paraphrase make sure you have named the original source within your text and referenced it.
Other Websites to look at Many if not all Universities have pages explaining and offering help on how to avoid plagiarism many offer interactive ‘tests’. • London Metropolitan interactive course:http://learning.londonmet.ac.uk/TLTC/learnhigher/Plagiarism/ • University of Leicester: • http://www2.le.ac.uk/offices/ld/resources/study/plagiarism-tutorialsubject specific • University of Gloucestershire: http://insight-dev.glos.ac.uk/departments/lis/resources/Pages/referencing.aspxincludes information on referencing and citation • Manchester: http://www.library.manchester.ac.uk/academicsupport/plagiarism/ • Essex University: http://www.essex.ac.uk/plagiarism/