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CHLAMYDIA

CHLAMYDIA. Alice Beckholt RN, MS, CNS. Chlamydia trachomatis, a really weird bacterium. Intermediate between virus and bacteria Obligate intracellular parasite Kills the host cell Susceptible to some antibiotics. Chlamydia trachomatis life cycle. Life cycle estimated at 24-72 hours

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CHLAMYDIA

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  1. CHLAMYDIA Alice Beckholt RN, MS, CNS

  2. Chlamydia trachomatis, a really weird bacterium • Intermediate between virus and bacteria • Obligate intracellular parasite • Kills the host cell • Susceptible to some antibiotics

  3. Chlamydia trachomatis life cycle • Life cycle estimated at 24-72 hours • Elemental body (EB) • Reticulate body (RB)

  4. Virulence factors • Gram negative? • Most infections are asymptomatic, but infectious • Also causes LGV and trachoma

  5. transmission • Sexual • Non-sexual

  6. Symptoms of genital chlamydia • The vast majority of persons with chlamydial infections are blissfully unaware • Usually none

  7. Symptoms in men • Non-gonococcal urethritis (NGU) • Discharge • Dysuria

  8. Complications - epididymitis • Fever • Unilateral scrotal pain • Swelling • Tenderness • PAIN!!

  9. Reiter’s syndrome • Arthritis • Conjunctivitis • Urethritis • Also known as reactive arthritis

  10. Symptoms in women • Usually none • Cervicitis • Urethritis • Vaginal discharge • Pelvic pain

  11. Complications in women • Pelvic Inflammatory Disease • (PID)

  12. Chlamydia and HIV Untreated Chlamydia can increase the risk of HIV transmission

  13. Chlamydia in pregnancy and neonates • Preterm delivery • Neonatal conjunctivitis • Neonatal pneumonia

  14. Lymphogranulomavenereum • LGV is caused by chlamydial serovars L1, L2, and L3 • Genital ulcer • Lymphadenopathy • Proctitis • Systemic • Serovar-specific tests not widely available

  15. Trachoma • Caused by Chlamydia trachomatis • Not sexually transmitted • Hygiene-related

  16. Diagnosis • Cell culture

  17. Diagnosis (continued) • Nucleic Acid Amplification Tests (NAATs) • Non-Amplification Tests

  18. Treating Chlamydia • Recommended regimens for uncomplicated infections • Azithromycin 1 gram orally once • Doxycycline 100 mg twice daily for 7 days • Alternative regimens for uncomplicated infections • Erythromycin • Ofloxacin • Levofloxacin • Amoxacillin

  19. Treatment (continued) • TREAT ALL PARTNERS WITHIN THE LAST 60-90 DAYS, EVEN IF THEY ARE ASYMPTOMATIC !

  20. Prevention, Education and Patient Counseling • Nature of the disease • Transmission • Risk reduction • Screening

  21. Safe Sex • Nature o

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