Regulatory Requirements for Research Reactor Shutdown: Greek Case Study

1. National Center for Scientific Research DEMOKRITOS Regulatory requirements for a Research Reactor in extended shutdown: the Greek case Research Reactor Laboratory Institute of Nuclear & Radiological Sciences & Technology, Energy & Safety N.C.S.R. “Demokritos” 2–6 November 2015 Lisbon, Portugal Workshop on Application of the Code of Conduct on the Safety of Research Reactors: Periodic SAfety Review

2. National Center for Scientific Research DEMOKRITOS • GRR1: light water moderated & cooled open-pool MTR • Commissioned in 1959-1961, critical July 1961, nominal power 1 MW in 1964 • Numerous activities developed around GRR-1 comprising physics, chemistry, • radioisotopes, electronics and waste management • Successive refurbishments & upgrades in the past decades ( 5 MW in 1972) • Physical protection system upgraded in the 2004 Athens Olympic Games approach: • Reactor shut down for security reasons • The HEU fuel shipped back to the USA in 2005  core conversion study for operation with LEU fuel performed by the GRR-1 Personnel • May 2006: Decision to refurbish the primary cooling system to meet the latest IAEA safety standards for newly commissioned Research Reactors (RRs) • Refurbishment works interrupted in 2010 due to the country’s shaky financial situation; GRR-1 remains shutdown 2–6 November 2015 Lisbon, Portugal Workshop on Application of the Code of Conduct on the Safety of Research Reactors: Periodic SAfety Review

3. National Center for Scientific Research DEMOKRITOS • GRR-1 Restart & development plan – Technical work for GRR-1 upgrade • reactor building modernized and reinforced to resist to the highest probable earthquake in accordance to the latest anti-seismic regulations • pool liner thoroughly inspected for possible leakages • project undertaken for upgrading the primary cooling system (PCS) with the guidance of the Korea Power Engineering Company, Inc (KOPEC now KEPCO) • Main project deliverables: operating & safety limits, conceptual core design, accident analysis, plan for decommissioning old PCS, new PCS & control room instrumentation preliminary design, secondary cooling system assessment, necessary civil works, final design of new PCS & control room instrumentation • Fall 2013: GRR-1 has been put in Extended Shutdown • Completion of the refurbishment is expected in the frame of a GRR-1 Restart & Development Project 2–6 November 2015 Lisbon, Portugal Workshop on Application of the Code of Conduct on the Safety of Research Reactors: Periodic SAfety Review

4. National Center for Scientific Research DEMOKRITOS In view of granting the Extended Shutdown License the Greek Regulatory Authority (Greek Atomic Energy Commission, GAEC) asked the Operator to provide a detailed report on the Reactor state Apart from the necessity to comply with the regulatory safety and security requirements, the Reactor’s Management aims to keep the Installation as possible ready for restarting 2–6 November 2015 Lisbon, Portugal Workshop on Application of the Code of Conduct on the Safety of Research Reactors: Periodic SAfety Review

5. National Center for Scientific Research DEMOKRITOS • GAEC requirements In view of granting the Extended Shutdown License (1/17) • Detailed description of the Basic Technical Characteristics of the Reactor’s installation (a-b): • The area layout and layout of the Installation • The general arrangement of the Installation including the arrangements made for nuclear material handling, containment & surveillance: • full description of the fuel material • other nuclear materials within the installation • location and handling of nuclear materials including layout drawings of material and fuel assembly storage areas • estimated inventories of nuclear materials 2–6 November 2015 Lisbon, Portugal Workshop on Application of the Code of Conduct on the Safety of Research Reactors: Periodic SAfety Review

6. National Center for Scientific Research DEMOKRITOS • GAEC requirements In view of granting the Extended Shutdown License (2/17) • Detailed description of the Basic Technical Characteristics of the Reactor’s installation (c-e): • Description of nuclear material accountancy and control system • item and/or mass accountancy system, including assay methods used and assessed accuracies, supplying specimen blank forms used in all accountancy and control procedures • period during which such records must be retained • Description of procedures, schedules frequency and methods for operator’s physical inventory taking • both for item and/or mass accountancy, including main assay methods & expected accuracy • access to fresh nuclear material and to irradiated nuclear material • expected radiation levels • Organizational arrangements for material accountancy and control • information on the health, safety and security rules which have to be observed at the installation & with which the inspectors must comply 2–6 November 2015 Lisbon, Portugal Workshop on Application of the Code of Conduct on the Safety of Research Reactors: Periodic SAfety Review

7. National Center for Scientific Research DEMOKRITOS • GAEC requirements In view of granting the Extended Shutdown License (3/17) • Reactor components control, maintenance and operational state - detailed description of the various Reactor components operational state • apart from the core dismantling & the wet storage of the irradiated fuel assemblies & control rods, detailed description of the current status & the modifications applied since the Reactor was in operation were asked for the following systems and components: • Control room and reactor bridge systems control • Mechanical systems status, control & maintenance • Electrical systems status, control & maintenance • Physical Protection System • Reactor control & maintenance personnel • Staff during Extended Shutdown 2–6 November 2015 Lisbon, Portugal Workshop on Application of the Code of Conduct on the Safety of Research Reactors: Periodic SAfety Review

8. National Center for Scientific Research DEMOKRITOS • GAEC requirements In view of granting the Extended Shutdown License (3/17) • 2. Reactor components control, maintenance and operational state - detailed description of the various Reactor components operational state: Control room and reactor bridge systems control - a: • 2a. Startup Channel • * FO/PO/OO-I-D : Fully Operational / Partially Operational / Out-of-Order – Inspector – Date of inspection 2–6 November 2015 Lisbon, Portugal Workshop on Application of the Code of Conduct on the Safety of Research Reactors: Periodic SAfety Review

9. National Center for Scientific Research DEMOKRITOS • GAEC requirements In view of granting the Extended Shutdown License (4/17) • 2. Reactor components control, maintenance and operational state - detailed description of the various Reactor components operational state: Control room and reactor bridge systems control - b: • 2b. Log-N and Period Channel • * FO/PO/OO-I-D : Fully Operational / Partially Operational / Out-of-Order – Inspector – Date of inspection 2–6 November 2015 Lisbon, Portugal Workshop on Application of the Code of Conduct on the Safety of Research Reactors: Periodic SAfety Review *

10. National Center for Scientific Research DEMOKRITOS • GAEC requirements In view of granting the Extended Shutdown License (5/17) • 2. Reactor components control, maintenance and operational state - detailed description of the various Reactor components operational state: Control room and reactor bridge systems control - c: • 2c. Linear Power and Period Channel • * FO/PO/OO-I-D : Fully Operational / Partially Operational / Out-of-Order – Inspector – Date of inspection 2–6 November 2015 Lisbon, Portugal Workshop on Application of the Code of Conduct on the Safety of Research Reactors: Periodic SAfety Review *

11. National Center for Scientific Research DEMOKRITOS • GAEC requirements In view of granting the Extended Shutdown License (6/17) • 2. Reactor components control, maintenance and operational state - detailed description of the various Reactor components operational state: Control room and reactor bridge systems control- d: • 2d. Safety System • * FO/PO/OO-I-D : Fully Operational / Partially Operational / Out-of-Order – Inspector – Date of inspection 2–6 November 2015 Lisbon, Portugal Workshop on Application of the Code of Conduct on the Safety of Research Reactors: Periodic SAfety Review *

12. National Center for Scientific Research DEMOKRITOS • GAEC requirements In view of granting the Extended Shutdown License (7/17) • 2. Reactor components control, maintenance and operational state - detailed description of the various Reactor components operational state: Control room and reactor bridge systems control- e: • 2e. Temperature Recorders • *FO/PO/OO-I-D : Fully Operational / Partially Operational / Out-of-Order – Inspector – Date of inspection 2–6 November 2015 Lisbon, Portugal Workshop on Application of the Code of Conduct on the Safety of Research Reactors: Periodic SAfety Review *

13. National Center for Scientific Research DEMOKRITOS • GAEC requirements In view of granting the Extended Shutdown License (8/17) • 2. Reactor components control, maintenance and operational state - detailed description of the various Reactor components operational state: Control room and reactor bridge systems control - f: • 2f. Measuring device and recorder of the pool water conductivity • *FO/PO/OO-I-D : Fully Operational / Partially Operational / Out-of-Order – Inspector – Date of inspection 2–6 November 2015 Lisbon, Portugal Workshop on Application of the Code of Conduct on the Safety of Research Reactors: Periodic SAfety Review *

14. National Center for Scientific Research DEMOKRITOS • GAEC requirements In view of granting the Extended Shutdown License (9/17) • Reactor components control, maintenance and operational state - detailed description of the various Reactor components operational state: Reactor bridge/pool • The disassembled components from the Reactor pool and bridge include: • the safety flapper, the grid plate & its supporting structure • the five control rod mechanisms from the Reactor’s bridge (electrical & mechanical maintenance, operational control), the five guide tubes and the five electromagnets of the control rods • the five control rods placed in an auxiliary wet storage • the floaters controlling the pool water level, the switch “Flapper Open” & the emergency spray-cooling system • For all these components, the date of disassembly, the operational status and the name and signature of the technician that carried out the inspection are required. 2–6 November 2015 Lisbon, Portugal Workshop on Application of the Code of Conduct on the Safety of Research Reactors: Periodic SAfety Review

15. National Center for Scientific Research DEMOKRITOS • GAEC requirements In view of granting the Extended Shutdown License (10/17) • Reactor components control, maintenance and operational state - detailed description of the various Reactor components operational state: Mechanical systems status, control & maintenance - a: • Detailed report requested on the status of the various components of the Primary & Secondary Cooling Systems. • Since both Systems have been emptied, only partial checking was requested. This included: • Visual inspection of heat exchangers, delay tank, pumps & piping including smear tests for detecting traces of corrosion. • Valves should be checked for operation but not for tightness due to empty circuit. • Cooling towers and desalination systems requested to be included in the program of periodic maintenance to keep them operational despite prolonged disuse. • The desalination system of the auxiliary pool where irradiated fuel is stored should be kept in perfect condition and daily inspected. • The emptied Reactor pool had to be thoroughly examined for integrity & tightness. The same for the auxiliary Reactor pool, the emergency cooling pool & the liquid waste intermediate storage pool. • The state of the beam tubes (assembled / dismantled, place & condition of storage) had to be reported. The same for the Beryllium reflector blocks. • The Reactor building 10 t Crane & the Forklift have to be regularly inspected & maintained. The Sewerage status should also be reported 2–6 November 2015 Lisbon, Portugal Workshop on Application of the Code of Conduct on the Safety of Research Reactors: Periodic SAfety Review

16. National Center for Scientific Research DEMOKRITOS GAEC requirements In view of granting the Extended Shutdown License (11/17) Reactor components control, maintenance and operational state - detailed description of the various Reactor components operational state: Mechanical systems status, control & maintenance – a1: 5a-1. Summary of control & maintenance: Mechanical Systems & Components – PCS & SCS NCM / PCM / FCM: No Control-Maintenance / Partial Control-Maintenance / Full Control-Maintenance 2–6 November 2015 Lisbon, Portugal Workshop on Application of the Code of Conduct on the Safety of Research Reactors: Periodic SAfety Review

17. National Center for Scientific Research DEMOKRITOS GAEC requirements In view of granting the Extended Shutdown License (12/17) Reactor components control, maintenance and operational state - detailed description of the various Reactor components operational state: Mechanical systems status, control & maintenance – a2: 5a-2. Summary of control & maintenance: Mechanical Systems & Components – reactor pools & water desalination systems NCM / PCM / FCM: No Control-Maintenance / Partial Control-Maintenance / Full Control-Maintenance 2–6 November 2015 Lisbon, Portugal Workshop on Application of the Code of Conduct on the Safety of Research Reactors: Periodic SAfety Review

18. National Center for Scientific Research DEMOKRITOS GAEC requirements In view of granting the Extended Shutdown License (13/17) Reactor components control, maintenance and operational state - detailed description of the various Reactor components operational state: Mechanical systems status, control & maintenance – a3: 5a-3. Summary of control & maintenance: Mechanical Systems & Components – sewerage & lifting devices NCM / PCM / FCM: No Control-Maintenance / Partial Control-Maintenance / Full Control-Maintenance 2–6 November 2015 Lisbon, Portugal Workshop on Application of the Code of Conduct on the Safety of Research Reactors: Periodic SAfety Review

19. National Center for Scientific Research DEMOKRITOS GAEC requirements In view of granting the Extended Shutdown License (14/17) Reactor components control, maintenance and operational state - detailed description of the various Reactor components operational state: Electrical systems status, control & maintenance – a1: 6a-1. Summary of control & maintenance: Electrical systems status, control & maintenance - main pillars’ switches & consumptions and related switches 2–6 November 2015 Lisbon, Portugal Workshop on Application of the Code of Conduct on the Safety of Research Reactors: Periodic SAfety Review

20. National Center for Scientific Research DEMOKRITOS GAEC requirements In view of granting the Extended Shutdown License (15/17) Reactor components control, maintenance and operational state - detailed description of the various Reactor components operational state: Electrical systems status, control & maintenance – a2: 3a-2. Summary of control & maintenance: Electrical systems status, control & maintenance - auxiliary power generators 2–6 November 2015 Lisbon, Portugal Workshop on Application of the Code of Conduct on the Safety of Research Reactors: Periodic SAfety Review

21. National Center for Scientific Research DEMOKRITOS • GAEC requirements In view of granting the Extended Shutdown License (16/17) • Reactor components control, maintenance and operational state - detailed description of the various Reactor components operational state: Physical Protection System status, control & maintenance: • 3c. Physical Protection System • Description of the Reactor’s physical protection system required: • rough installation description • putting the accent on the availability of dedicated security Personnel • Particular emphasis put on the communications both internals to the “Demokritos” Centre and external with the local Police Station, the Fire Brigade & the Counterterrorism Service. 2–6 November 2015 Lisbon, Portugal Workshop on Application of the Code of Conduct on the Safety of Research Reactors: Periodic SAfety Review

22. National Center for Scientific Research DEMOKRITOS • GAEC requirements In view of granting the Extended Shutdown License (17/17) • Reactor components control, maintenance and operational state - detailed description of the various Reactor components operational state: Personnel: • 3d. Reactor control & maintenance personnel • A complete list of the Reactor’s Personnel required together with staff specialization: • Reactor Manager & Superintendent • Reactor Operators • Radiation Protection Officer & Technicians • Mechanical & Electrical Engineers • Requested precise job description & duties of each member of the Reactor Personnel during Extended Shutdown • . 2–6 November 2015 Lisbon, Portugal Workshop on Application of the Code of Conduct on the Safety of Research Reactors: Periodic SAfety Review

23. National Center for Scientific Research DEMOKRITOS • Additional Regulatory Requirements • .The Greek Regulatory Commission performed a three-days inspection of the GRR-1 to verify the state of the Reactor and its components and to assess possible inaccuracies or shortcomings in the submitted reports compared to the national and international regulations. Requirements/remarks made include: • The mandate of the previous Reactor Safety Committee (RSC) expired and has not been renewed since the Reactor is not operational. The Regulatory Commission asked for the nomination of a new RSC to advise the Reactor operator during the extended shutdown period • For reasons of independence, the Radiation Protection Officer should refer to the Director of the Institute hosting the Reactor instead of the Reactor Manager • The daily observation of the spent fuel pool water level should be recorded • Record must be kept of the activity of the spent fuel pool water measured every two months and of the daily survey of the activity in the Reactor area • Many radioactivity detectors are outdated and their calibration may prove problematic; assessment of their status and replacement of any deficient instrument is necessary • The Reactor Operator complied with the additional regulatory requirements. 2–6 November 2015 Lisbon, Portugal Workshop on Application of the Code of Conduct on the Safety of Research Reactors: Periodic SAfety Review

24. National Center for Scientific Research DEMOKRITOS Conclusion In view of granting the Extended Shutdown License, the Greek Regulatory Authority requested a detailed report describing the state of the Reactor. The Reactor Management had to fulfil requirements and conditions and provide detailed information on the state of the various Reactor systems, components and auxiliary installations. A detailed maintenance program had also to be submitted with a detailed assignment of tasks and duties to the members of the Reactor Technical staff during the Extended Shutdown.. 2–6 November 2015 Lisbon, Portugal Workshop on Application of the Code of Conduct on the Safety of Research Reactors: Periodic SAfety Review

25. National Center for Scientific Research DEMOKRITOS THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION 2–6 November 2015 Lisbon, Portugal Workshop on Application of the Code of Conduct on the Safety of Research Reactors: Periodic SAfety Review