Chapter 8 Section 2

1. Chapter 8 Section 2 The Roman Republic

2. Chapter 8 Section 2 Questions • The ruling class & top officials of the Roman Republic were the _________________. • In 494 B.C., many Roman plebeians ____________ to protest for equal rights. • The best known early Roman dictator of the Republic was _________________. • Adopted around 451 B.C., Rome’s first law code was called the ________________. • Rome fought ________________ in the Punic Wars for control of the Mediterranean region.

3. Chapter 8 Section 2 Rome’s Government Main idea Main idea Main idea Main idea How did Rome’s Government Work? Plebeians against Patricians Who was Cincinnatus? Roman Law

4. Chapter 8 Section 2 Rome Expands Main idea Main idea Main idea 1st Punic War 2nd Punic War More Conquest

5. Rome’s Government • Divided into 2 classes: Patricians – wealthy landowners. Could serve in Gov. and Plebeians – artisans, shopkeepers, & owners of small farms. Could not hold public office. • Both men were Roman citizens. • Had the right to vote & responsibility to pay taxes & serve in the army. • No marriage between classes.

6. How did Rome’s Government Work? • Consuls – top Government officials. 2 Patricians were chosen every year to head the army & run the Government. Could veto each other. • Praetors – interpret the law & act as judges in court cases. • Roman Senate – 300 Patrician men who served for life. They proposed laws, held debates on issues, & approved building programs. • Assembly of Centuries – elected officials.

7. Plebeians Against Patricians • The Plebeians wanted equal rights. • 494 B.C. – went on strike. Refused to serve in the army & tried to set up their own republic. • 471 B.C. – Council of the plebs was est. They brought concerns to the Senate, & won the right to veto Gov. decisions. • 300 B.C. – Plebeians were allowed to become consuls. • 287 B.C. – could pass laws for all Romans.

8. Who was Cincinnatus? • Dictator – had complete control, and ruled temporary during times of emergencies. • Most notable Roman Dictator. Ruled for 16 days. • Could have remained in power but chose to return home and continue farming.

9. Rome’s Government • The 12 Tables were Rome’s first code of laws. They were the basis of all future laws. The Law of Nations were created to address issues of conquered people. • The rule of law is the idea that laws should apply to everyone equally.

11. Rome Expands • Carthage, a state on the coast of North Africa, was a powerful enemy of Rome. • The 1st Punic War began after Carthage expanded into Spain. • Hannibal was a great Carthaginian general who fought in the 2nd Punic War. • At the battle of Cannae, Hannibal’s forces overpowered the Romans.

13. Rome Expands • The Roman General Scipio led his forces to defeat the Carthaginians at the Battle of Zama. • Rome destroyed Carthage in the 3rd Punic War. • Rome also took all of Greece and Macedonia and parts of Africa during the Punic Wars.