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Notes 10: Mountain Building

Notes 10: Mountain Building . Intro to mountain building. Oro = mountain genesis = to build Orogenesis = building mountains!. Mountains form because of plate tectonics ! There are 2 different types of mountain formation. Fault-block mountains. Occur at faults!

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Notes 10: Mountain Building

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  1. Notes 10: Mountain Building

  2. Intro to mountain building • Oro = mountain • genesis = to build • Orogenesis = building mountains!

  3. Mountains form because of plate tectonics! • There are 2 different types of mountain formation

  4. Fault-block mountains • Occur at faults! • Fault = fracture in the earth’s crust where movement has happened • Example: San Andreas fault in California

  5. Fault-block mountains • Hanging wall = rock surface above the fault • Normal fault= hanging wall moves down. This makes the crust get longer. • http://geology1a-1.wikispaces.com/file/view/NormalFault.gif/90969209/NormalFault.gif

  6. Fault-block mountains • Form along big normal faults! • Hanging wall moves down, the crust is pushed up - making a mountain! • Example: Teton Range in Wyoming, Sierra Nevada in California • http://geology1a-1.wikispaces.com/file/view/NormalFault.gif/90969209/NormalFault.gif

  7. Think Box! • What is a fault? • What is a normal fault? • How do mountains form? • What are some examples of fault-block ranges?

  8. Folded mountains • Folded mountains occur at convergent boundaries! • Most common type of mountain

  9. Folded mountains • Some background: • Stress = force acting on a rock. When stress is big enough, deforms rocks (change shape)

  10. Folded mountains • Tensional stress = pushing out (gets bigger) • http://earthquake.usgs.gov/learn/glossary/?term=tensional%20stress

  11. Compressional stress = pushing in (gets smaller)

  12. Shear stress = distorting (changes shape)

  13. Folded mountains • Compression stress can lead to folding • Folds = wavelike ripples (like folding a sheet of paper)

  14. Folded mountains • 3 main types of folds: • Anticlines = folding up • Synclines = folding down, troughs • Monoclines = large steps

  15. Folded mountains • When 2 tectonic plates collide, the compressional stress forces the crust to fold up (anticlines) forming mountains! • Examples: Appalachian mountains, Rocky mountains, Alps, Himalayas

  16. Video Questions • Describe the Earth forces that are responsible for mountain building in this part of Alaska. • How do we know that the coastal range in Alaska is tectonically active? • What do mountain growth, creation of ocean trenches, and volcanoes have in common? Where are these processes taking place on the planet? Is there a pattern? • Why do you think that there still are measurable residual movements from the 1964 Earthquake?

  17. Exit Ticket • What is compressional stress? • What is an anticline? • Which type of mountains are the most common?

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