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Byzantine Art (600-800)

Emperor Justinian and Courtiers, c. 547, San Vitale, Ravenna. Byzantine Art (600-800). Roman Catholic vs. Eastern Orthodox Religions. The split of the empire also causes a religious rift, creating the Catholic Church in the West and the Orthodox Church in the East.

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Byzantine Art (600-800)

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  1. Emperor Justinian and Courtiers, c. 547, San Vitale, Ravenna Byzantine Art (600-800)

  2. Roman Catholic vs. Eastern Orthodox Religions • The split of the empire also causes a religious rift, creating the Catholic Church in the West and the Orthodox Church in the East. • Church ideology becomes very different. Catholic Church remains separate from the state. Sees itself as a spiritual ruling body. The Orthodox Church was based on the union of spiritual and secular authority in the emperor. Had political power. Like the divine kingship of Egypt and Mesopotamia. Emperors were at the head of the Church as well as the State.

  3. Byzantine Art • Byzantine art is the art of the Eastern Roman Empire and describes a certain style. • Byzantium stays under remains under the emperor’s control. • Brought to a new level of power and stability under Justinian (527—565AD) • The Eastern Empire of Byzantium hangs on even through attacks by Arabian armies until it falls to the Turks in 1453. Lasts up to the Renaissance!

  4. Political and Spiritual Leaders in the East and West • West--Theodoric (German) as political leader • West--pope as spiritual leader • East--Justinian as both spiritual and political leader • Justinian retains idea of Emperor as partly divine

  5. Early Christian Churches San Vitale, Ravenna, c. 526-547

  6. Interior of San Vitale

  7. Squinches

  8. Hagia Sophia • 523-537 AD • Built by Justinian in Constantinople • Combination of central plan and early Christian basilica

  9. Interior, Hagia Sophia

  10. Pendentives

  11. Restoring Hagia Sophia

  12. Emperor Justinian and Courtiers, c. 547, San Vitale, Ravenna Byzantine Mosaics

  13. Empress Theodora and Retinue, c. 547, San Vitale, Ravenna

  14. Early Christian vs. Byzantine

  15. Characteristics of Byzantine Art • Flattened, symbolic, (heavenly) space (gold backgrounds common) • Shapes and figures show continuing trend toward shallow space • Details are described by line, not light and shade • Elongated proportions • Dematerialized bodies with strong emphasis on the eyes • Ornate haloes (fr. Persia - designating descent from the Sun) • Narrative is created by flat, symbolic shapes, lined up

  16. Earlier Greek Mosaics and Painting vs. Byzantine Mosaics

  17. Iconoclasm • Iconoclastic Controversy • Began with edict of 726 prohibiting religious images • Emperor Leo III, after Justinian, strictly interpreted the Ten Commandments • Finally ended in 843 by a later Empress Theodora, wife of Emperor Theophilus • Iconodules triumphed

  18. Byzantine Icons • During the 9th century, religions icons became an important part of the Eastern Orthodox Church • Become very symbolic, using specific iconography • Icons used as objects of devotion • Icons become more and more abstract and stylized

  19. Byzantine Icons 6th century 13th century 14th century

  20. 14th century 10th century Icons of Mary, Saints, and Angels 14th century

  21. Icons made of other materials 9th century 1350

  22. The Good Shepherd, c. 4th c. AD. Catacomb of Saints Pietro and Marcellino, Rome. Christ in Art

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